{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:44:23Z","timestamp":1790711063481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Omadacycline and eravacycline are gradually being used as new tetracycline antibiotics for the clinical treatment of Gram-negative pathogens. Affected by various tetracycline-inactivating enzymes, there have been reports of resistance to eravacycline and omadacycline in recent years. We isolated a strain carrying the mobile tigecycline resistance gene\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (X4) from the feces of a patient in Zhejiang Province, China. The strain belongs to the rare ST485 sequence type. The isolate was identified as\n              <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The MICs of antimicrobial agents were determined using either the agar dilution method or the micro broth dilution method. The result showed that the isolate was resistant to eravacycline (MIC = 32 mg\/L), omadacycline (MIC &gt; 64 mg\/L), and tigecycline (MIC &gt; 32 mg\/L). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (X4) resistance gene is located on the IncFII(pCRY) conjugative plasmid.\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (X4) is flanked by IS\n              <jats:italic>Vsa3<\/jats:italic>\n              , and we hypothesize that this association contributes to the spread of the resistance gene. Plasmids were analyzed by S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE), Southern blotting, and electrotransformation experiment. We successfully transferred the plasmid carrying\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (X4) to the recipient bacteria by electrotransformation experiment. Compared with the DH-5\u03b1, the MICs of the transformant L3995-DH5\u03b1 were increased by eight-fold for eravacycline and two-fold higher for omadacycline. Overall, the emergence of plasmid-borne\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (X4) resistance gene in a clinical isolate of\n              <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              ST485 underscores the essential requirement for the ongoing monitoring of\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (X4) to prevent and control its further dissemination in China.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                There are still limited reports on\n                <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                strains harboring tetracycline-resistant genes in China, and\n                <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                L3995hy adds a new example to those positive for the\n                <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                (X4) gene. Importantly, our study raises concerns that plasmid-mediated resistance to omadacycline and eravacycline may spread further to a variety of ecological and clinical pathogens, limiting the choice of medication for extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections. Therefore, it is important to continue to monitor the prevalence and spread of\n                <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                (X4) and other tetracyclines resistance genes in\n                <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                and diverse bacterial populations.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00496-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T13:10:34Z","timestamp":1721740234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Emergence of plasmid-borne\n            <i>tet<\/i>\n            (X4) resistance gene in clinical isolate of eravacycline- and omadacycline-resistant\n            <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n            ST485"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2542-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China"},{"name":"Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6981-0138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruishan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and 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