{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:33:08Z","timestamp":1787016788418,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although tigecycline is strictly restricted for use in animals, plasmid-mediated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (X) is increasingly being detected in swine and poultry production, which may be associated with the highly intensive farming model and the use of antibiotics as feed additives.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , as one of the important reservoirs of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (X), has attracted worldwide attention due to the complex plasmid background and the diversified mobile genetic elements (MGEs). This study isolated nine\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (X)-positive\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      belonging to a novel sequence type (ST), ST3871, from a commercial swine farm in Hebei, China. Phylogenetic analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) demonstrated that clonal transmission drove the farm-level prevalence of these strains. The ST3871\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (X)-positive\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics and carried various resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and southern blotting confirmed that these strains carried the plasmid-mediated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (X4) gene. Conjugation assays revealed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (X4)-positive plasmids could be transferred into\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Although the limited sampling range of this study limits further epidemic analysis, the emergence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (X)-mediated tigecycline resistance in a novel ST of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      undeniably confirms that the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (X) gene has resided in a wide variety of ST clones, highlighting the significant contribution of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      to the dissemination of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (X).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                        carrying\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                        (X) has spread globally, with the most extensive distribution observed in Asia. This study revealed the prevalence of a novel ST3871\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                        carrying the plasmid-mediated\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                        (X4) gene on a commercial swine farm in Hebei, China, indicating that the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                        (X) gene, particularly plasmid-mediated\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                        (X), has been distributed across a wide variety of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                        ST clones. This undoubtedly poses a threat to public health, necessitating comprehensive strategies and continuous monitoring to control it.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00521-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:00:10Z","timestamp":1769176810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel ST3871\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    exhibits diverse transmission modes, carrying the\n                    <i>tet<\/i>\n                    (X4) resistance 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