{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:39:42Z","timestamp":1790285982327,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00332244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00332244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The clinical relevance and drug resistance patterns of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) vary by species. This study investigated the species distribution of NTM isolated from respiratory specimens at a tertiary care hospital in South Korea from 2017 to 2022. A retrospective analysis was conducted on laboratory data from respiratory specimens submitted for acid-fast bacilli culture. NTM isolates were identified using a line probe assay, and those unidentifiable at the species or complex level underwent multigene sequencing of the 16S rRNA,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hsp65<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes. Among all mycobacterial isolates, the proportion of NTM showed an increasing trend, rising from 87.4% in 2017 to 93.3% in 2022. The eight most common species were\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex (61.9%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (14.2%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex (8.4%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. gordonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (5.3%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. simiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex (3.4%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. kansasii<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex (1.9%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. terrae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex (1.5%), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. chelonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (1.2%), accounting for 97.7% of all NTM isolates. Among the remaining isolates (2.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 169), 161 were classified into 24 species and groups, the majority with proportions below 0.1%. Two of the eight isolates that could not be identified at the species or group level despite multigene sequencing underwent whole-genome sequencing, which suggested they likely represent novel\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. This study provides valuable insights into the distribution of NTM species, particularly rarely encountered species, isolated from respiratory specimens in South Korea. These findings may aid in optimizing diagnostic strategies and selecting appropriate treatment options.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Given the significant variations in clinical relevance and drug resistance patterns among nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species, understanding their geographic distribution is essential for selecting appropriate treatment options and improving patient outcomes. This study investigated the distribution of NTM species isolated from respiratory specimens at a tertiary care hospital in South Korea from 2017 to 2022. Our findings revealed an increasing proportion of NTM, with\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                        complex and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                        remaining predominant. Additionally, we identified 24 rarely encountered species and groups, along with two strains that likely represent novel\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                        species. Our study advances the understanding of the evolving NTM epidemiology in South Korea, contributing to the optimization of diagnostic strategies and improvement of patient management.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00554-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T13:00:09Z","timestamp":1758114009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Species distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from respiratory specimens at a tertiary care hospital in South Korea, 2017\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6405-5305","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tae 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