{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:14:09Z","timestamp":1753881249709,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015103","name":"Japan Racing Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020-3272-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-3272-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a protozoal disease affecting equids, caused by\n              <jats:italic>Theileria equi<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>Babesia caballi<\/jats:italic>\n              . EP is conventionally diagnosed using microscopic, molecular, and\/or serological methods, which are time-consuming. Consequently, there is a need for faster testing methods. In this study, we evaluated the application of the Sysmex XN-31 automated hematology analyzer, originally a rapid test for detecting malaria in humans, for the diagnosis of EP. The cultured parasites were measured using the XN-31 that had been customized for horse blood samples (XN-31m). The following parameters were evaluated: limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantification (LoQ), linearity, carryover, precision, and correlation with microscopic examination. The XN-31m detected infected red blood cells (RBCs) in approximately 1 minute. The LoD and LoQ for\n              <jats:italic>B. caballi<\/jats:italic>\n              were 4.54 infected RBCs\/\u03bcL and 14.10 infected RBCs\/\u03bcL, while those for\n              <jats:italic>T. equi<\/jats:italic>\n              were 5.80 infected RBCs\/\u03bcL and 11.44 infected RBCs\/\u03bcL, respectively. Linearity showed excellent correlation (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              &gt; 0.99), and carryover never exceeded 0.5%. The coefficient of variation was under 5%. The correlation between the results obtained using XN-31m and microscopic examination was high (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              &gt; 0.98). In conclusion, the XN-31 analyzer detected\n              <jats:italic>B. caballi<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>T. equi<\/jats:italic>\n              parasites in approximately 1 minute with high sensitivity. The results indicate the potential of the XN-31 analyzer as a fast and user-friendly diagnostic method for EP.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              In this study, we demonstrated that the automated hematology analyzer, XN-31, can detect red blood cells infected with\n              <jats:italic>Babesia caballi<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>Theileria equi<\/jats:italic>\n              in about 1 minute. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the XN-31 analyzer for equine piroplasmosis, providing evidence of its potential as a diagnostic tool for this disease.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00582-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T13:16:32Z","timestamp":1726233392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n            evaluation of the automated hematology analyzer XN-31 for rapid diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8972-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiro","family":"Ochi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Toya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Technology, Engineering 1, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikako","family":"Sengoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Technology, Engineering 1, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiichiro","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Technology, Engineering 1, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Kishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"453","article-title":"Biology of equine piroplasmosis","volume":"155","author":"Holbrook AA","year":"1969","unstructured":"Holbrook AA. 1969. Biology of equine piroplasmosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 155:453\u2013454.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(92)90061-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32268\/jprotozoolres.10.3_106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). Chapter 1.3. Diseases infections and infestations listed by WOAH. In the Terrestrial animal health code. Available from: https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/animal-health-and-welfare\/animal-diseases\/?_tax_animal=terrestrials%2Cequine. Retrieved 23 Jan 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0007-1935(96)80066-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","unstructured":"OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). Chapter 3.6.8. Equine piroplasmosis. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Available from: https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/fr\/Health_standards\/tahm\/3.06.08_EQUINE_PIROPLASMOSIS.pdf. 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Use and limitations of light microscopy for diagnosing malaria at the primary health care level. 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