{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:23:45Z","timestamp":1788269025744,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016275","name":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["13-2018-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13-2018-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["18K06797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K06797"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["23K07928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K07928"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows","award":["23KJ1957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJ1957"]}]},{"name":"Nagai Memorial Research Scholarship of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Panton\n                      <jats:bold>\u2013<\/jats:bold>\n                      Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a leukocyte-lytic toxin produced by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is primarily associated with skin and soft tissue infections. Notably, there has been an increase in the number of cases caused by the USA300 lineage in Japan. However, the reported prevalence of USA300 is limited in other Asian countries, including Korea. This study investigated the prevalence of PVL-positive methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA) in Korea and Japan and compared their molecular epidemiological characteristics. A total of 463 MRSA strains were analyzed, comprising 283 strains from patients visiting two hospitals in Seongnam and Seoul, Korea, and 180 strains from six hospitals in Tokyo, Japan, between 2018 and 2019. The PVL-encoding genes\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lukS\/F-PV<\/jats:italic>\n                      were detected using PCR. Molecular epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses were performed using next-generation sequencing. Overall, 27 (9.5%) PVL-positive MRSA strains were detected among strains isolated from Korea, and 16 (8.9%) were detected among those isolated from Japan. Genotyping of PVL-positive strains revealed that 85.2% of Korean and 81.3% of Japanese strains belonged to USA300. Most USA300 strains from Japan and Korea formed distinct clusters in phylogenetic analyses. Meanwhile, \u03a8USA300 and ST22-PT, clones that are prevalent in Japan, were isolated in Korea. This study showed that USA300 strains, which are becoming more prevalent in Japan, are also present in Korea. Furthermore, this study suggests that \u03a8USA300 and ST22-PT may be spreading between these two countries. Therefore, it is necessary to continue monitoring the epidemiological trends of PVL-positive MRSA clones both domestically and internationally.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a major toxin produced by\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Although a rapid increase in PVL-positive strains has been reported in Japan, data on PVL-positive strains in Korea remain limited. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of PVL-positive\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                        isolates from Korea and Japan. The results showed that the clinical backgrounds and genetic profiles of PVL-positive strains isolated in Korea and Japan were highly similar. Furthermore, we confirmed for the first time that clones circulating in Japan, including \u03a8USA300 and ST22-PT, were also isolated in Korea. These findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiological status of PVL-positive\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                        in East Asia.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00589-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T13:06:09Z","timestamp":1784639169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comparative analysis of the clinical and genomic characteristics of Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin\u2013positive methicillin-resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    in Korea and Japan"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3782-8122","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/057jm7w82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","place":["Hachioji, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7132-0157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eu Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cb3km46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","place":["Seongnam, Republic of Korea"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Yokomori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/057jm7w82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","place":["Hachioji, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Beom","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongtak","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01z4nnt86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, and Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song Mi","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cb3km46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","place":["Seongnam, Republic of Korea"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-3840","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyoung-Ho","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cb3km46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","place":["Seongnam, Republic of Korea"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Su","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2093-1721","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taek Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vpv1x26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center","place":["Hachioji, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00krab219","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital","place":["Tama, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Kamimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ntccx93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center","place":["Tachikawa, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03z3pjf09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akiru Municipal Medical Centre","place":["Akiruno, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04betma47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tachikawa Sogo Hospital","place":["Tachikawa, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6262-372X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong Bin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cb3km46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","place":["Seongnam, Republic of Korea"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-8257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Nakaminami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/057jm7w82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","place":["Hachioji, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2051148"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01121-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700501"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01248-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02272-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68231-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2022.106534"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5145\/ACM.2025.28.3.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad039"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02037-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313461"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0203"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03617-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00612-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58356-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702472114"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","volume-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically\u2014eleventh edition: approved standard M07-A11","author":"CLSI","year":"2018","unstructured":"CLSI. 2018. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically\u2014eleventh edition: approved standard M07-A11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: thirty-first informational supplement M100-S32","author":"CLSI","year":"2022","unstructured":"CLSI. 2022. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: thirty-first informational supplement M100-S32. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05564-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70238-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07877-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0211-169"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.15392"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S262123"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54033-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3646-z"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00589-26","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00589-26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:09:26Z","timestamp":1788268166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.00589-26"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kunyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.00589-26"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00589-26","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00589-26"}}