{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:44:08Z","timestamp":1793317448127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Region Zealand Foundation for health Research"},{"name":"The Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, SSI, Copenhagen"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008363","name":"The Danish Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is part of the Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. It is characterized by an increased risk of thromboembolic events and also to a certain degree hypermetabolic symptoms. The gut microbiota is an important initiator of hematopoiesis and regulation of the immune system, but in patients with ET, where inflammation is a hallmark of the disease, it is vastly unexplored. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota via amplicon-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3\u2013V4 region in 54 patients with ET according to mutation status Janus-kinase 2 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">JAK2V617F<\/jats:italic>\n                    )-positive vs\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">JAK2V617F<\/jats:italic>\n                    -negative patients with ET, and in 42 healthy controls (HCs). Gut microbiota richness was higher in patients with ET (median-observed richness, 283.5; range, 75\u2013535) compared with HCs (median-observed richness, 191.5; range, 111\u2013300;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Patients with ET had a different overall bacterial composition (beta diversity) than HCs (analysis of similarities [ANOSIM];\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.063,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.004). Patients with ET had a significantly lower relative abundance of taxa within the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                    phylum compared with HCs (51% vs 59%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.03), and within that phylum, patients with ET also had a lower relative abundance of the genus\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (8% vs 15%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), an important immunoregulative bacterium. The microbiota signatures were more pronounced in patients harboring the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">JAK2V617F<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation, and highly similar to patients with polycythemia vera as previously described. These findings suggest that patients with ET may have an altered immune regulation; however, whether this dysregulation is induced in part by, or is itself inducing, an altered gut microbiota remains to be investigated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a cancer characterized by thrombocyte overproduction. Inflammation has been shown to be vital in both the initiation and progression of other myeloproliferative neoplasms, and it is well known that the gut microbiota is important in the regulation of our immune system. However, the gut microbiota of patients with ET remains uninvestigated. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiota of patients with ET compared with healthy controls and thereby provide new insights into the field. We show that the gut microbiota of patients with ET differs significantly from that of healthy controls and the patients with ET have a lower relative abundance of important immunoregulative bacteria. Furthermore, we demonstrate that patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">JAK2V617F<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive ET have pronounced gut microbiota signatures compared with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">JAK2V617F<\/jats:italic>\n                      -negative patients. Thereby confirming the importance of the underlying mutation, the immune response as well as the composition of the microbiota.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00662-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:23:46Z","timestamp":1694424226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pronounced gut microbiota signatures in patients with\n                    <i>JAK2V617F-<\/i>\n                    positive essential thrombocythemia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0740-0555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina Schjellerup","family":"Eickhardt-Dalb\u00f8ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital","place":["Koege, Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of 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Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9829-3099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trine Alma","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital","place":["Roskilde, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0097-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vibe","family":"Skov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital","place":["Roskilde, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3088-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Ellervik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's 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