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In infection environments, oxygen (O\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              ) concentrations are often low. The transcription factor Anr (\n              <jats:underline>a<\/jats:underline>\n              naerobic regulation of arginine deiminase and\n              <jats:underline>n<\/jats:underline>\n              itrate\n              <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n              eduction) responds to low O\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              by upregulating genes necessary for\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              fitness in microoxic and anoxic conditions. Anr regulates Dnr (\n              <jats:underline>d<\/jats:underline>\n              issimilative\n              <jats:underline>n<\/jats:underline>\n              itrate respiration\n              <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n              egulator), a gene encoding a transcriptional regulator that promotes the expression of genes required for using nitrate as an alternative electron acceptor during denitrification. In CF sputum, transcripts involved in denitrification are highly expressed. While Dnr is necessary for the anoxic growth of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              in CF sputum and artificial sputum media (ASMi), the contribution of denitrification to\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              fitness in oxic conditions has not been well described. Here, we show that\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              requires\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dnr<\/jats:italic>\n              for fitness in ASMi, and the requirement for\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dnr<\/jats:italic>\n              is abolished when nitrate is excluded from the media. Additionally, we show that\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              consumes nitrate in lysogeny broth (LB) under microoxic conditions. Furthermore, strains without a functioning quorum sensing regulator LasR, which leads to elevated Anr activity, consume nitrate in LB even in normoxia. There was no growth advantage for\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              when nitrate was present at concentrations from 100 to 1,600 \u00b5M. However,\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              consumption of nitrate in oxic conditions created a requirement for Dnr and Dnr-regulated NorCB, likely due to the need to detoxify nitric oxide. These studies suggest that Anr- and Dnr-regulated processes may impact\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              physiology in many common culture conditions.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                is an opportunistic pathogen commonly isolated from low-oxygen environments such as the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis. While the importance of\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                energy generation by denitrification is clear in anoxic environments, the effects of denitrification in oxic cultures are not well understood. Here, we show that nitrate is consumed in microoxic environments and, in some strains, in normoxic environments. While nitrate does not appear to stimulate microoxic growth rate or yield, it does impact physiology. We show that the regulators Anr (\n                <jats:underline>a<\/jats:underline>\n                naerobic regulation of arginine deiminase and\n                <jats:underline>n<\/jats:underline>\n                itrate\n                <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n                eduction) and Dnr (\n                <jats:underline>d<\/jats:underline>\n                issimilative\n                <jats:underline>n<\/jats:underline>\n                itrate respiration\n                <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n                egulator), which are best known for their roles in anoxic conditions, contribute to\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                fitness in common laboratory media in the presence of oxygen.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00682-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T13:00:16Z","timestamp":1754571616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n            Dnr-regulated denitrification in microoxic conditions"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Stacie","family":"Stuut Balsam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth","place":["Hanover, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Conaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth","place":["Hanover, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dallas L.","family":"Mould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth","place":["Hanover, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3056-8356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Jean-Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth","place":["Hanover, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6366-2971","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth","place":["Hanover, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0213870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.10.6188-6196.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.5.1598-1606.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00793.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00794.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.5.2762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.12.3606-3609.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05772.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917576117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.4c00174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.081158-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00416-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001265"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shanks RMQ Atta S Stella NA Sundar-Raj CV Romanowski JE Grewel AS Shanks HQ Mumper SM Dhaliwal DK Mammen A Callaghan JD Calvario RC Romanowski EG Kowalski RP Zegans ME Jhanji V. 2023. 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