{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:08:26Z","timestamp":1789758506824,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX000963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX000963"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS076512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS076512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI157046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI157046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>WNV infections of the CNS are rare but can have devastating long-term effects. There are currently no vaccines or specific antiviral treatments, so a better understanding of the pathogenesis and immune response to this virus is crucial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00685-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T13:00:40Z","timestamp":1649768440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Depletion of Microglia in an\n            <i>Ex Vivo<\/i>\n            Brain Slice Culture Model of West Nile Virus Infection Leads to Increased Viral Titers and Cell Death"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2079-0682","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah","family":"Stonedahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Smith","family":"Leser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3294-5888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Denver Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. 2021. West Nile virus. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/westnile\/index.html. Accessed December 7 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7404.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01476-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02944-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02311-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4158-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8072980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2004-128-533-SCNIHW"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00836-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0139-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03509-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9593-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01994-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00569-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1397-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97229"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00835-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00525-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20182037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0366-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922788117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-328x(98)00040-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.592005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","volume-title":"Assay Guidance Manual.","author":"Riss TL","year":"2004","unstructured":"Riss TL, Moravec RA, Niles AL, Duellman S, Benink HA, Worzella TJ, Minor L. 2004. Cell viability assays. In Markossian S, Grossman A, Brimacombe K, Arkin M, Auld D, Austin CP, Baell J, Chung TDY, Coussens NP, Dahlin JL, Devanarayan V, Foley TL, Glicksman M, Hall MD, Haas JV, Hoare SRJ, Inglese J, Iversen PW, Kales SC, Lal-Nag M, Li Z, McGee J, McManus O, Riss T, Saradjian P, Sittampalam GS, Tarselli M, Trask OJ, Wang Y, Weidner JR, Wildey MJ, Wilson K, Xia M, Xu X (ed), Assay Guidance Manual. Eli Lilly & Company and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00902-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280500384982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1443-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","unstructured":"GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein. 2022. [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/2670. Accessed February 21 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"VIM vimentin. 2022. [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/7431. Accessed February 21 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.90.2.435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"LCN2 lipocalin 2. 2022. [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/3934. Accessed February 21 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218497110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","unstructured":"STEAP4 STEAP4 metalloreductase. 2022. [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/79689. Accessed February 21 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2745-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0427-y"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00685-22","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00685-22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T14:01:24Z","timestamp":1651068084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.00685-22"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Holly","family":"Ramage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.00685-22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00685-22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00685-22"}}