{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:37:34Z","timestamp":1791059854873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n has evolved over the years into predominant nosocomial multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen, especially associated with ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs). About one-third of VAPs can cause bloodstream infections. MDR\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n causing VAP is associated with significant\n longer hospital stays<\/jats:named-content>\n and<\/jats:named-content>\n mortality<\/jats:named-content>\n . We carried out the genomic analysis of MDR\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to study the various virulence factors involved in biofilm formation and pathogenic mechanisms. A total of 44 MDR\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n isolates recovered from respiratory and blood specimens of patients on mechanical ventilators are included in the study. All isolates were identified by Vitek2 and matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry and confirmed by WGS. Different virulence factor (VF) genes identified by WGS were analyzed. The most common VF genes found in all isolates of\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n were\n ompA<\/jats:italic>\n (97.7%) and\n lps-o<\/jats:italic>\n gene (100%) related to adherence,\n adeF<\/jats:italic>\n (100%),\n adeG<\/jats:italic>\n (95.5%), and\n adeH<\/jats:italic>\n (97.7%) (AdeFGH efflux pump-related VF genes) and\n pgaA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n pgaD<\/jats:italic>\n (100%),\n pgaB<\/jats:italic>\n and\n pgaC<\/jats:italic>\n (97.7%) related to biofilm formation,\n plc<\/jats:italic>\n and\n plcD<\/jats:italic>\n (100%) related to enzyme and immune evasion related capsular gene (100%) and\n lpsB, lpxA, lpxC, lpxD, lpxL<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n lpxM<\/jats:italic>\n found in all isolates respectively. This study is\n among<\/jats:named-content>\n st<\/jats:named-content>\n a few such studies done using WGS in India. These findings have improved our understanding of the various pathogenic mechanisms underlying\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n . This study will also give some insight into how hindering the pathways of virulence mechanism can be used to develop treatment strategies for MDR\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n is a significant cause of mortality in nosocomial infections, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The evolution of\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n from an avirulent organism to a multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial pathogen is very interesting. The acquisition of multiple drug-resistant genes is also accompanied by the acquisition of many virulence genes. I\n nformation regarding<\/jats:named-content>\n genomic<\/jats:named-content>\n studies of different<\/jats:named-content>\n virulence factor<\/jats:named-content>\n s in such MDR strains<\/jats:named-content>\n ,<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalent in this geographical region,<\/jats:named-content>\n w<\/jats:named-content>\n ere<\/jats:named-content>\n not performed in the past<\/jats:named-content>\n .<\/jats:named-content>\n The strains of\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n may vary depending on the geographical location and use of antibiotics in those hospital setups. Control of\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n nosocomial infections requires taking strict hospital infection control measures. We trust that this would suggest some new insights into the control of\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n in our intensive care units to reduce the burden of such a dreadful nosocomial pathogen.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00707-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T14:04:13Z","timestamp":1762869853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genomic analysis of virulence factors of nosocomial MDR\n A. baumannii<\/i>\n from a tertiary care hospital"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4126-4686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmabanu","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Faculty of Medicine, Parul University","place":["Vadodara, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-899X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anant","family":"Marathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Faculty of Medicine, Parul University","place":["Vadodara, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4326-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhavita","family":"Prajapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Faculty of Medicine, Parul University","place":["Vadodara, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2020-0032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12125"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247832"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060570"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1053968"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2022.100131"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13732"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12300"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12121749"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.997897"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12020322"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13040463"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06094-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1094184"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/dgkh000290"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_225"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03804-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_3470_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/archcid.85766"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2436\/20.1501.01.270"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00082-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01076-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24651"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03301"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01654-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","unstructured":"Noori MS Courreges MC Bergmeier SC January M. 2020. 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