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Beneficial bacteria application shows promise in AR; however, most studies focus on oral probiotic administration without monitoring the applied strains in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and their local effects. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the probiotic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      GG was administered via chewable tablets in seasonal AR patients, randomized to probiotic (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 33) or placebo (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 31) groups. Per-protocol analysis of the URT microbiome, immune markers, and AR symptoms was performed.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      GG trafficked from chewables to the oropharynx (77%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) and nasopharynx (41%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). Control of self-reported AR symptoms via validated questionnaires under grass pollen exposure was observed after 2 weeks of probiotic administration and not upon placebo. A local decrease in salivary interleukin-4 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and nasal IL-13 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001) was observed in the probiotic group. These data indicate that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      GG chewables can target the URT and exert local effects on key allergy cytokines after temporal probiotic engraftment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Allergic rhinitis (AR) or hay fever is a highly prevalent condition, impacting nearly half the population in some countries. Supplementation of beneficial bacteria or probiotics has gained increasing attention in AR, and a key innovative way to do this is direct administration to the upper airways. Our study shows for the first time that the model probiotic strain\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                        GG can traffic to the nose in AR patients when administered via a slow-releasing chewable tablet. This trafficking is associated with local benefits in the airways, including on grass pollen-induced nasal symptoms and allergy-related cytokines.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00773-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T12:47:43Z","timestamp":1756817263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/i>\n                    GG in a chewable colonizes the nose and facilitates local immune benefits in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0764-8515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilke","family":"De 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