{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:55:08Z","timestamp":1791381308632,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The introduction of the first broad-spectrum antibiotics, sulfonamide drugs, fundamentally revolutionized medicine in the 1930s. Shortly after, and ever since, sulfonamide resistance genes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes) have been widely detected. Still, the most recent variant of these genes,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      , was first described only in 2017, and its host range and transmission mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we applied PacBio long-read metagenomic sequencing and bacterial methylation signals to investigate the genetic contexts and bacterial carriage of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene in wastewater. Furthermore, we extended our description of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriers to previously published data sets. Our results indicate that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      is prominently found in sludge and hosted by various bacteria, such as the species from the phyla Myxococcota and Chloroflexota and genera\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichlorobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Desulfobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which are commonly found in activated sludge. Additionally, according to our results,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      has already spread into multiple strains of opportunistic human pathogens, such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Moraxella,<\/jats:italic>\n                      in addition to the previously described\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The sequence region flanking\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      included a truncated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fol<\/jats:italic>\n                      K gene and an IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CR28<\/jats:italic>\n                      element and exhibited a high degree of conservation across the investigated sequences. Furthermore, the module was associated with various integron integrase genes. Also, other mobility-related elements that could further increase the likelihood of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      mobilization were detected. Altogether, our results describing the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      hosts of bacteria from distant lineages indicate the efficient mobility of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      by genetic elements that traverse both clinical and environmental bacteria. Finally, we suggest that wastewater may provide favorable conditions for such horizontal gene transfer events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antibiotic resistance is an ancient phenomenon and a common trait of many environmental bacteria. However, human activities in the post-antibiotic era, coupled with the bacteria\u2019s ability to exchange genetic material across different lineages, have drastically increased the spread of resistance traits among bacteria from various niches. The primary concern is the resistance genes encoded by infections causing pathogens, already causing over 1 million deaths annually and indirectly contributing to nearly 4 million more. Therefore, understanding the bacteria that harbor ARGs and the genetic mechanisms driving their mobilization is crucial for understanding the dynamics and emerging trends of resistance. Here, we focus on revealing these crucial aspects of the newly discovered sulfonamide resistance gene,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul4<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Given the limitations of the metagenomic approach in linking the functional genes to their host genomes, the significance of our research lies in our workflow, which allows this linkage through the identification of shared methylation profiles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00857-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T14:01:22Z","timestamp":1763560882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sulfonamide resistance gene\n                    <i>sul4<\/i>\n                    is hosted by common wastewater sludge bacteria and found in various newly described contexts and hosts"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2392-1729","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melina","family":"Markkanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Pezzutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Virta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0983-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Karkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001305"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00649-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giac072"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx488"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0445-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01548-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00048-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107250"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.133941"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30186-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit355"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3399"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0379-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.7.2621"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.11.1684"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.3.1169-1172.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-021-00795-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","volume-title":"WHO report on surveillance of antibiotic consumption: 2016-2018 early implementation","author":"WHO","year":"2018","unstructured":"WHO. 2018. WHO report on surveillance of antibiotic consumption: 2016-2018 early implementation. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","volume-title":"Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS) report 2022","author":"WHO","year":"2022","unstructured":"WHO. 2022. Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS) report 2022. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/364996\/9789240062702-eng.pdf?sequence=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135074"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1242369"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04676-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151433"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau9124"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107185"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01439-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.228"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0277-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0663-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01479-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16695"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10876-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-021-0674-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2025.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4037"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","unstructured":"Helsingin seudun ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6palvelut-kuntayhtym\u00e4 (Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority). 2020. J\u00e4tevedenpuhdistus p\u00e4\u00e4kaupunkiseudulla 2020 Viikinm\u00e4en ja Suomenojan j\u00e4tevedenpuhdistamot. Available from: https:\/\/julkaisu.hsy.fi\/pdf\/jatevedenpuhdistus-paakaupunkiseudulla-2019.pdf. Retrieved 22 Aug 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01688-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","unstructured":"Oksanen J Blanchet FG Friendly M Kindt R Legendre P Mcglinn D Minchin PR O\u2019hara RB Simpson GL Solymos P Henry M Stevens H Szoecs E Maintainer HW. 2020. vegan: community ecology package"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2023. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","unstructured":"RStudio Team. Inc. 2016. Integrated development for R. Boston. http:\/\/www.rstudio.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01478-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-00971-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.29032.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2023.105703"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1230548"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2018.2861399"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","unstructured":"Kolde R. 2019. pheatmap: pretty heatmaps. R package version 1.0.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac975"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0286-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0081-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.00111-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycaf113"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwengers O Jelonek L Dieckmann MA Beyvers S Blom J Goesmann A. 2021. Bakta: rapid & standardized annotation of bacterial genomes via alignment-free sequence identification. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101\/2021.09.02.458689","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.09.02.458689"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163962"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts565"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hackl T Trigodet F Eren AM Biller SJ Eppley JM Luo E Burger A DeLong EF Fischer MG. 2021. Proovframe: frameshift-correction for long-read (meta)genomics. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101\/2021.08.23.457338","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.08.23.457338"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01101-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02306-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2016.0024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae241"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01953-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002083"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01610-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00834-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-01940-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab776"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03332"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0730-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.003694"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803238"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060946"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00834-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004213"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-01057-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40793-024-00593-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kurashita H Hatamoto M Tomita S Yamaguchi T Narihiro T Kuroda K. 2024. Comparative metagenomic analysis provides novel insights into the ecophysiology of Myxococcota in activated sludge systems. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101\/2024.04.26.591422","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.26.591422"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01706-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-023-01473-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-023-01378-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00414-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.25950"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00667-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-8-2309"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112888"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-00932-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38400-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro884"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29438-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1836910"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126351"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-35513-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119992"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_109_2","unstructured":"UN-Habitat and WHO. 2021. Progress on wastewater treatment \u2013 global status and acceleration needs for SDG indicator 6.3.1. Geneva United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and World Health Organization (WHO)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.581946"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220761"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00857-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00857-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T14:05:27Z","timestamp":1767708327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.00857-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.00857-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00857-25","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.01.22.634252","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00857-25"}}