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These strategies have been investigated extensively in model bacterial organisms, whereas less is known about under explored pathogenic bacteria such as bacteria within the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Yersinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      genus. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect and bactericidal activity of antibiotics from five different classes and of the disinfectant hydrogen peroxide against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the ancestral species from which\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      have emerged. We found that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is able to survive exposure to clinical antibiotics and disinfectants by employing a variety of strategies, with persisters and the Eagle effect playing a role in survival to quinolones, tolerance playing a role in survival to ceftriaxone and overexpression of catalases and peroxidases contributing to survival to hydrogen peroxide. Our findings suggest that future research should focus on informing new, effective ways to treat infections caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Yersinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Antimicrobial resistance is a complex phenomenon that constitutes one of the top global public health threats. Besides encoding genes that confer heritable resistance to antibiotic treatments, bacterial populations can also transiently survive antibiotic treatment, a phenomenon known as tolerance, or contain subpopulations, named persisters, that survive treatment while the majority of the population is killed by antibiotic treatment. Here, we investigate resistance, tolerance, and persistence of the bacterial pathogen\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                        to clinically relevant antibiotics and disinfectants. We show that\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                        populations contain persisters that survive treatment to two potent classes of antibiotics, the fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, and to the widely used disinfectant hydrogen peroxide. Counterintuitively, increasing the concentration of fluoroquinolones employed decreases their activity against\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                        , a paradoxical effect known as the Eagle effect.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00881-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T13:01:01Z","timestamp":1784811661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contributions of persisters and the Eagle effect to survival of\n                    <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/i>\n                    under clinical antimicrobials"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Goode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yghzc09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter","place":["Exeter, United Kingdom"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yghzc09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter","place":["Exeter, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilly","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yghzc09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter","place":["Exeter, United Kingdom"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yghzc09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University 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