{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:25:14Z","timestamp":1792124714054,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, China","award":["202201AY070001-174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AY070001-174"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease globally. A 24-month randomized controlled trial was conducted among 236 children aged between 7 and 8 years (ChiCTR2400084030). They were randomly allocated into three groups and received the following biannual interventions: Group 1: topical fluoride varnish (TFV) using 5% sodium fluoride; Group 2: oral health education (OHE); and Group 3: TFV + OHE. The interventions lasted for 12 months, and a final examination was conducted after 24 months to assess whether the desired effects sustained after the cessation of interventions. After 12-month interventions, when demographic and socioeconomic factors were adjusted, children in Group 1 were more likely to have new caries on their permanent first molars when compared to Group 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33, 6.14) or Group 3 (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.09, 4.78). There was no significant difference in Shannon diversity index across the three groups. Among the top 10 most abundant genera,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Capnocytophaga<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Saccaribactetia_(TM7)_[G-1]<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Selenomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      differed across the three groups after interventions. The 12-month assessment revealed a lower abundance of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Capnocytophaga granulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      among children who did not receive TFV. Although the interventions might have the potential to alter the composition of supragingival dental plaque, the specific mechanisms and clinical significance require further investigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Early mixed dentition is a critical transition period for children. During this phase, newly erupted permanent first molars (PFMs) with deep fissures are vulnerable to tooth decay. Considering increased independence in diet choices and inconsistent toothbrushing practices among these children, structured oral health education (OHE) is recommended to safeguard their oral health status. The main findings of this 24-month randomized controlled trial revealed that fluoride varnish alone is insufficient to prevent caries on PFMs, underscoring the necessity of reinforcing OHE for this age group. Additionally, dynamic shifts in supragingival plaque composition were observed, including\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Capnocytophaga<\/jats:italic>\n                        ,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Saccaribactetia_(TM7)_[G-1]<\/jats:italic>\n                        ,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Selenomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                        , and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Notably,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Capnocytophaga granulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                        , a species previously found among adults with periodontal diseases, was less abundant in children who did not receive fluoride varnish. While these findings highlight the impact of oral health promotion activities on alterations of oral microbiota, further research is needed to clarify the clinical implications of these microbial changes.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>CLINICAL TRIALS<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (\n                        <jats:related-object xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" document-id=\"ChiCTR2400084030\" document-id-type=\"clinical-trial-number\" source-id=\"ChiCTR\" source-id-type=\"registry-name\" source-type=\"clinical-trials-registry\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showprojEN.html?proj=191753\">ChiCTR2400084030<\/jats:related-object>\n                        ).\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00902-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T13:00:36Z","timestamp":1753707636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of fluoride varnish and oral health education on caries increment and dental plaque microbiota among children with early mixed dentition: a three-armed 24-month randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038c3w259","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01c5q0c82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Anning Maternity and Child Care Hospital","place":["Anning City, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai Ming","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038c3w259","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-9065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038c3w259","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2505-1280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ni","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn116"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3403"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13284"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","volume-title":"Global oral health status report: towards universal health coverage for oral health by 2030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2022. 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