{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:32:09Z","timestamp":1772163129606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasites, the causative organism of malaria, caused over 600,000 deaths in 2022. In Mali,\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      causes the majority of malaria cases and deaths and is transmitted seasonally. Anti-malarial immunity develops slowly over repeated exposures to\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and some aspects of this immunity (e.g., antibody titers) wane during the non-transmission, dry season. Here, we sequenced RNA from 33 pediatric blood samples collected during\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections at the beginning or end of a transmission season, and characterized the host and parasite gene expression profiles for paired, consecutive infections. We found that human gene expression changes more over the course of one transmission season than between seasons, with signatures of partial development of an adaptive immune response during one transmission season and stability in gene expression during the dry season. Additionally, we found that\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression did not vary with timing during the season and remained stable both across and between seasons, despite varying human immune pressures. Our results provide insights into the dynamics of anti-malarial immune response development over short time frames that could be exploited by future vaccine and prevention efforts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our work seeks to understand how the immune response to\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      malaria changes between infections that occur during low and high malaria transmission seasons, and highlights that immune gene expression changes more during the high transmission season. This provides important insight into the dynamics of the anti-malarial immune response that are important to characterize over these short time frames to better understand how to exploit this immune response with future vaccine efforts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00960-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T09:05:46Z","timestamp":1724144746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immune gene expression changes more during a malaria transmission season than between consecutive seasons"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8866-7667","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kieran","family":"Tebben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salif","family":"Yirampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drissa","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye K.","family":"Kon\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3874-581X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Laurens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily M.","family":"Stucke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmadou","family":"Demb\u00e9l\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youssouf","family":"Tolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amadou","family":"Niangaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea A.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bour\u00e8ma","family":"Kouriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher V.","family":"Plowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ogobara K.","family":"Doumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten E.","family":"Lyke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Takala-Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahamadou A.","family":"Thera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6045-3322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Travassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2446-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Serre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-29967-X_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.f.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410x(89)90002-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2021.104807"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0158-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0800-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006960"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000912"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025582"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00645-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90478-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053301"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01724-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202438"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901297"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.07218"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001323107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268803008422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225001472"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-444"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0683-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31291"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1292-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907590106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2302152120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-374"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010802"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46416-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.3.1018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1009696"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1997.0061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02540.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.919973"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa609"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12849"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041266"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-016-0326-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0114-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxab053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/162639"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7493-1_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009882"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40150"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015001705"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034989859366"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181681"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36806"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03300"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656413"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.60"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108684"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.39800"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1084-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80167-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.35832"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29156"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0201-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn814"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00258-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001811"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00960-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00960-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T09:10:32Z","timestamp":1727946632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.00960-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Galadriel Astra","family":"Hovel-Miner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.00960-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00960-24","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.03.20.585963","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00960-24"}}