{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:35:08Z","timestamp":1787016908415,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Mbandaka (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Mbandaka) represents an emerging public health threat due to its remarkable genomic adaptability, involvement in multinational foodborne outbreaks, and the ability to establish persistent infections. Here, we report the first documented isolation of a carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Mbandaka strain, a significant public health concern given the critical role of carbapenems in treating multidrug-resistant infections. Five clonal\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Mbandaka isolates were obtained from a single patient, with three isolates (SM_F22R, SM_F28R, and SM_B30R) exhibiting carbapenem resistance mediated by the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      . The comprehensive genomic analysis uncovered a 1,220 kb chromosomal inversion mediated by IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">26<\/jats:italic>\n                      through intramolecular replicative transposition (in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">trans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), generating the SM_F28R and SM_B30R variants. Using S1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, and conjugation experiments, we demonstrated the transfer of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      : chromosomal localization in SM_F22R and plasmid-borne (IncC-type) carriage in SM_F28R and SM_B30R. Notably, the region carrying\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      in both locations was flanked by IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">26<\/jats:italic>\n                      and completely identical, indicating that IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">26<\/jats:italic>\n                      may facilitate the transfer of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      between the chromosome and plasmid. Additionally, we detected the amplification of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mph(A<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) on the chromosome and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      on the IncC plasmid. The expression level of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      in SM_F22R was lower than that in SM_F28R and SM_B30R, consistent with SM_F22R exhibiting lower carbapenem resistance compared to SM_F28R and SM_B30R. This study reported the IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">26<\/jats:italic>\n                      -mediated transfer of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      between the chromosome and a plasmid in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Mbandaka, highlighting the critical role of transposable elements in disseminating carbapenem resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        As a clinically significant foodborne pathogen, carbapenem-resistant\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to its extensive antibiotic resistance. While\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                        is conventionally plasmid-borne, our study elucidates its transfer between chromosomes and a conjugative IncC plasmid in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Our findings demonstrate the pivotal involvement of IS\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">26<\/jats:italic>\n                        and IS\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CR1<\/jats:italic>\n                        mobile genetic elements in orchestrating genomic rearrangements while concurrently mediating the horizontal transfer and subsequent amplification of antimicrobial resistance determinants. This study provides an important theoretical basis for an in-depth analysis of the horizontal transfer mechanism of bacterial resistance genes.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00967-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T13:55:14Z","timestamp":1755266114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Emergence of carbapenem-resistant\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Mbandaka through IS\n                    <i>26<\/i>\n                    -driven\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>NDM-1<\/sub>\n                    mobilization and chromosomal structural variation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00p991c53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00p991c53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00p991c53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00p991c53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6443-9755","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ziyong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00p991c53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3224-8038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cui","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00p991c53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.05.002B1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","volume-title":"GBD 2019 Cause and Risk Summary: Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS)","author":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)","year":"2019","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). 2019. 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