{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:16:46Z","timestamp":1789093006663,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32001295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32001295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31570388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Starting Research Fund from the Northwest A&F University","award":["2452020037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2452020037"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["20210201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Mycotoxin-producing fungi are widespread and their adverse effects on mammals have been investigated; however, their impacts on soil invertebrates are not fully understood.\n              <jats:italic>Folsomia candida<\/jats:italic>\n              is a model soil arthropod that represents an important part of the soil invertebrate community. This study investigated the consequences of\n              <jats:italic>F. candida<\/jats:italic>\n              grazing on mycotoxin-producing fungi\n              <jats:italic>Fusarium verticillioides<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>F. graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>Aspergillus ochraceus<\/jats:italic>\n              , and\n              <jats:italic>A. nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n              . Consuming mycotoxin-producing fungi affected the body size and reproductive ability of\n              <jats:italic>F. candida<\/jats:italic>\n              , and altered the gut bacterial composition, with decreased Proteobacteria and increased Actinobacteria (\n              <jats:italic>Microbacterium<\/jats:italic>\n              ) abundances. Notably, the abundance of foodborne fungi can be detected. Furthermore, certain bacteria isolated from\n              <jats:italic>F. candida<\/jats:italic>\n              \u2019s gut inhibited the growth of corresponding mycotoxin-producing fungi. The gut bacteria that inhibited mycotoxin-producing fungi growth in\n              <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n              groups were also associated with poor fitness parameters and larger disruption in gut microbiota. Importantly, switching back to yeast diets reversed both the fitness parameters and gut bacterial composition. Together, our study demonstrated that grazing of mycotoxin-producing fungi by\n              <jats:italic>F. candida<\/jats:italic>\n              resulted in reduced physiological parameters and disturbed the gut bacterial community, and those changes can be restored by switching back to yeast diets, which indicates a strong resilience of springtails to mycotoxin-producing fungi.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Mycotoxin-producing fungi are widespread in nature and raise concerns for human and livestock health. Although they share the same ecosystem, interactions between mycotoxin-producing fungi and soil arthropods are not well understood. In this study, we report an unexpected finding that the soil arthropod\n              <jats:italic>Folsomia candida<\/jats:italic>\n              is rather tolerant to these mycotoxin-producing fungi.\n              <jats:italic>F. candida<\/jats:italic>\n              can survive solely on mycotoxin-producing fungi as a food source with reduced physiological parameters. Moreover, the gut microbial community is disturbed by mycotoxin-producing fungi, and some of the bacteria isolated from\n              <jats:italic>F. candida<\/jats:italic>\n              \u2019s gut can inhibit the growth of corresponding fungi. Notably, the altered physiological parameters and gut microbiota are restored when a normal diet is reintroduced, suggesting\n              <jats:italic>F. candida<\/jats:italic>\n              \u2019s resilience to mycotoxin-producing fungi. These findings clarify the impact of toxin-producing diets on\n              <jats:italic>F. candida<\/jats:italic>\n              , shedding light on how organisms can build resilience to environmental stimuli.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01035-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T13:00:21Z","timestamp":1727442021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of mycotoxin-producing fungi on the fitness and gut bacterial community of the soil springtail\n            <i>Folsomia candida<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4252-0162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Forest Biological Disasters in Western China, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingxiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Forest Biological Disasters in Western China, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwei","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Forest Biological Disasters in Western China, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaisha","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Forest Biological Disasters in Western China, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Forest Biological Disasters in Western China, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Forest Biological Disasters in Western China, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Forest Biological Disasters in Western China, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9886-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8267-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Forest Biological Disasters in Western China, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01182.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-2657-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12030150"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0338"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.1219"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14030167"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00788"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00060"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5061-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1996.11747816"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-004-1513-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14030217"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2019.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2023.104897"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-019-00346-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11050282"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10020091"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11020064"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1445-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533611436116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c7np00051k"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2635"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0295"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25973"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2014.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0061-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-020-02319-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.50.071803.130331"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jse.12956"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.7.2660-2669.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiv128"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.445"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04292"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02825"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-007-0222-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2014.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11377-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150500086979"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-017-0282-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2604"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr381"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.2.316-322.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(01)00579-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.58"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198540847.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147793"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2010.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43828-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1589281"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127347"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02292E"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.670383"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2020.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00823-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2009.00722.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03075"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"contributor":[{"given":"Lucio","family":"Navarro-Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]}],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01035-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01035-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T14:40:26Z","timestamp":1730817626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.01035-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.01035-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01035-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01035-24"}}