{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:59:00Z","timestamp":1790344740946,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Science Foundation of China","award":["82402654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82402654"]}]},{"name":"The National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China","award":["NPRC-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRC-32"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Disinfectants are widely used in hospital environments to control bacterial, viral, and fungal hospital-acquired infections. In recent years, nosocomial infections caused by drug-resistant fungi, such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candidozyma auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , have posed an increasing transmission risk among patients and healthcare workers, making treatment more challenging. Although many disinfectants are routinely applied in hospital settings, data on their efficacy against drug-resistant fungi remain limited. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal efficacy of eight disinfectants against these three species of drug-resistant fungi, including aldehyde-, alcohol-, chlorine-, iodine-, and peroxide-based formulations. Using minimum fungicidal concentrations, all disinfectants exhibited fungicidal activity against the three fungi at appropriate concentrations; however, when tested at the manufacturer-recommended working concentrations using a quantitative suspension test in the presence of 0.3% bovine serum albumin as an organic interferent, only five disinfectants produced a \u22655 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      reduction in viable organisms within 5 min of exposure. Comparative analysis further revealed that a commercial benzalkonium chloride solution (Meifute solution) and peracetic acid exhibited particularly strong potential for the rapid elimination of these drug-resistant fungal pathogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disinfectants are primarily developed against bacteria and viruses; there are no dedicated fungicides for use in hospitals, especially for drug-resistant fungi. This study aimed to identify the best disinfectant among those already labeled as having fungicidal attributes for eliminating drug-resistant fungi, to address disinfection and infection control in medical institutions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01055-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:01:52Z","timestamp":1790341312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fungicidal effects of eight disinfectants against resistant\n                    <i>Candidozyma auris<\/i>\n                    (formerly\n                    <i>Candida auris<\/i>\n                    ),\n                    <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Trichophyton indotineae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0247-1853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hailin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02drdmm93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Dermatology","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3272-2513","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hjz7x27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5148-2922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02drdmm93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naicen","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02drdmm93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02drdmm93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02drdmm93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanzhao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02drdmm93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8719-0462","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02drdmm93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Dermatology","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0291-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weida","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02drdmm93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Dermatology","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102510"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.3314"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.01.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03736-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2001.tb00005.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/527395"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201902_17020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02252-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2018-0057"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450120666190924155631"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499149"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1432883"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.120973"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.663741"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/853937"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.40.2.201.208"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9850-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/2602317"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2022. WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research development and public health action. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240060241."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00056-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Performance standards for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi","author":"CLSI","year":"2020","unstructured":"CLSI. 2020. Performance standards for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi, p 1\u201328"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","unstructured":"EUCAST. 2025. Overview of antifungal ECOFFs and clinical breakpoints for yeasts moulds and dermatophytes using the EUCAST E.Def 7.4 E.Def 9.4 and E.Def 11.0 procedures"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00003-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2022.2054120"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00904-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-023-00761-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2025.2498571"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129195"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1016938"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114665"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119039"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2759"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2005.03429.x"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01055-26","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01055-26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:01:55Z","timestamp":1790341315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.01055-26"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Renee S.","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.01055-26"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01055-26","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01055-26"}}