{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:31:34Z","timestamp":1787016694955,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","award":["KL2TR001435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001435"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI119145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI119145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004856","name":"New York State Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Empire Clinical Research Investigator Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Empire Clinical Research Investigator Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA) bloodstream infection (BSI) is a serious public health concern. At times, MRSA is isolated from the blood along with other pathogens, the significance and consequences of which are not well described. This study aims to outline the clinical characteristics and outcomes of those with polymicrobial MRSA BSI compared with those with monomicrobial MRSA BSI. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of those with and without polymicrobial MRSA BSI from 2014 to 2022 at a single quaternary care center in New York City. Risk factors and outcomes for polymicrobial MRSA BSI were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Of 559 patients with MRSA BSI during the study period, 49 (9%) had polymicrobial MRSA BSI. Gram-positive\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (23%) was the most common co-pathogen. The presence of urinary (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) and gastrointestinal (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) devices was significantly associated with polymicrobial MRSA BSI. Polymicrobial MRSA BSI was associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission after BSI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01). Mortality did not differ. While polymicrobial MRSA BSI is relatively uncommon, it complicates an already complex clinical scenario of MRSA BSI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                        is a common human pathogen associated with severe disease and high mortality rates. Although clinically observed, little is known about the impact of polymicrobial staphylococcal bloodstream infection. This study evaluates polymicrobial methicillin-resistant\n                        <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                        bloodstream infection (BSI), highlighting the increased risk of intensive care unit admission and impact on morbidity. Identifying risk factors for polymicrobial BSI, such as the presence of specific devices, can aid in early recognition and targeted interventions. Clarifying the risks and outcomes of polymicrobial infections can lead to strategies to minimize and manage these infections and explore the potential interactions between pathogens.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01081-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T09:01:28Z","timestamp":1727254888000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Polymicrobial methicillin-resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    bloodstream infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5663-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica","family":"Escalona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1376-6916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harm","family":"van Bakel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence And Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bremy","family":"Alburquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy C.","family":"Dupper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1948-3834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deena R.","family":"Altman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2013.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03300100022015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00741-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-2994-3-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(86)90001-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00059-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00185-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","volume-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multidrug-Resistant Organism & Clostridioides difficile Infection (MDRO\/CDI) Module","year":"2018","unstructured":"2018. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multidrug-Resistant Organism & Clostridioides difficile Infection (MDRO\/CDI) Module. CDC, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","volume-title":"Base SAS 9.4 Procedures Guide: Statistical Procedures: SAS Institute","year":"2013","unstructured":"2013. 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