{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:23:45Z","timestamp":1788269025751,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025AHGXZK50103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK50103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJ2019A0435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2019A0435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJ2021A0590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2021A0590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82374173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82374121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      , an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, poses a severe global public health threat owing to its high nosocomial transmissibility, considerable mortality, and widespread antifungal resistance. Baicalein (BE), a major bioactive constituent of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      Georgi, exhibits notable antifungal potential, yet its specific molecular mechanisms against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we determined the antifungal activity of BE against multiple\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, assessed its effects on fungal growth, virulence attributes, adhesion, and biofilm development, validated its\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      protective efficacy in a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection model, and explored the underlying mechanisms via transcriptomic sequencing. BE exerted potent and consistent antifungal activity against all tested strains, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 \u03bcg\/mL, minimum fungicidal concentrations of 4\u20138 \u03bcg\/mL, and a sessile minimum inhibitory concentration of 32 \u03bcg\/mL. It time- and concentration-dependently suppressed fungal growth, virulence factor expression, adhesion to biological and non-biological surfaces, and biofilm formation, while conferring significant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      protection against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. Transcriptomic analysis identified 11 adhesion- and biofilm-associated target genes, among which\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SCF1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ALS1<\/jats:italic>\n                      served as pivotal regulators. Collectively, BE exerts robust anti\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">-C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      effects by modulating key target gene expression to interfere with multiple virulence-related processes, providing experimental support for its development as a novel antifungal agent for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                        has become a critical global public health concern. Its pronounced nosocomial transmissibility, high infection-associated mortality, and extensive cross-resistance to mainstream antifungal agents have created substantial unmet needs in clinical treatment and nosocomial infection control. In this study, we systematically validated the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                        and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                        antifungal activity of baicalein against\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                        and elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying its modulation of virulence-related genes. Our findings provide a pivotal experimental basis for the development of novel antifungal therapeutics targeting\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                        infections.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01097-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:03:03Z","timestamp":1785848583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Baicalein suppresses adhesion and biofilm formation in\n                    <i>Candida auris<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2506-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Can","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05th6yx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05th6yx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, 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