{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:51:33Z","timestamp":1786117893084,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter soli<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an environmentally adaptable species increasingly recognized as an emerging pathogen in hospital settings, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). In this study, we report the first\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. soli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate from an ICU patient that co-harbors three carbapenemase-encoding genes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>IMP-14<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-58<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) on a single plasmid. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that multidrug resistance in this strain is mediated by a 294,790 bp plasmid, pSLAB-A, carrying 16 antimicrobial resistance genes, including all three carbapenemases. Comparative plasmid analysis showed a highly conserved backbone but identified a unique ~40 kb multidrug-resistance region containing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>IMP-14<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and eight additional resistance genes. Genetic context analysis indicated that insertion sequences (IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aba125<\/jats:italic>\n                      and IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aba3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and class 1 integrons contribute to the mobilization and accumulation of carbapenemase-encoding genes. Plasmid stability assays demonstrated that pSLAB-A remained stably maintained for more than 90 generations without antibiotic selection. A global survey of the NCBI database identified 15\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. soli<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains carrying carbapenemase-encoding genes, most of which were isolated from China, with clinical specimens representing the predominant source. Seven carbapenemase-encoding genes were detected, with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        bla\n                        <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      being the most prevalent. Among eight isolates with complete genomes, all carried carbapenemase-encoding genes on plasmids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed regional dissemination of a clonal lineage across hospitals in Zhejiang Province and sustained nosocomial transmission within a hospital in Taiwan. These findings suggest that the spread of carbapenem resistance in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. soli<\/jats:italic>\n                      is largely driven by multidrug-resistance plasmids, facilitating clonal expansion in hospital environments and posing a growing challenge for antimicrobial therapy and infection control in ICUs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Carbapenem-resistant\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. soli<\/jats:italic>\n                        is an emerging clinical concern, capable of causing severe invasive infections, including bacteremia, in intensive care unit settings, and its emergence poses substantial challenges to antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we demonstrate that carbapenem resistance in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. soli<\/jats:italic>\n                        is predominantly mediated by the acquisition of multidrug-resistance plasmids carrying carbapenemase-encoding genes. Owing to its strong environmental persistence,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. soli<\/jats:italic>\n                        can readily undergo nosocomial clonal dissemination once carbapenem resistance is acquired. Moreover, the spread of multidrug plasmids co-harboring multiple carbapenemase-encoding genes may accelerate the evolutionary trajectory of resistance in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. soli<\/jats:italic>\n                        , further exacerbating the threat to clinical management. Given its demonstrated capacity to cause hospital-associated infections and to rapidly acquire multidrug resistance,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. soli<\/jats:italic>\n                        warrants heightened vigilance from both clinical and public health perspectives.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01130-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:00:14Z","timestamp":1782219614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergence of\n                    <i>Acinetobacter soli<\/i>\n                    harboring three carbapenemase-encoding genes (\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>NDM-1<\/sub>\n                    ,\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>IMP-14<\/sub>\n                    , and\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>OXA-58<\/sub>\n                    ) on a single plasmid in an ICU patient"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05gpas306","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05gpas306","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College","place":["Hangzhou, 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