{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:51:02Z","timestamp":1787507462961,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rare actinomycetes belonging to the genus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      are opportunistic pathogens responsible for nocardiosis, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Despite their pathogenicity, they possess diverse metabolic pathways and therefore are potential sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, with implications for drug discovery. However, the biosynthetic potential of many\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains has not been determined. In this study, we evaluated the antibiotic production abilities of 119\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains through co-culturing with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Among the tested strains,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia tsunamiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      IFM 10818 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , indicating the presence of antibacterial compounds. Subsequent chemical analysis revealed that this strain produces nargenicin A1, a macrolide antibiotic previously identified in other\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. To better understand the biosynthetic potential of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. tsunamiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      IFM 10818, we performed whole-genome sequencing. Comparative genomic analysis revealed its phylogenetic placement within the genus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , demonstrating its close relationship with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia crassostreae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Importantly, we assessed the prevalence of the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) responsible for nargenicin A1 production within the genus. These findings confirm that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. tsunamiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      IFM 10818 is a previously unreported producer of nargenicin A1. This study highlights the utility of genome mining and functional screening in discovering bioactive compounds from underexplored microbial taxa. Further exploration of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      genomes may reveal additional cryptic BGCs with pharmaceutical potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The macrolide nargenicin A1, produced by certain\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                        strains, exhibits a range of biological activities, most notably strong antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                        . The identification of a high-yielding producer strain is essential to support future pharmaceutical development and commercial production. In this study, we identified\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia tsunamiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                        IFM 10818 as a prolific producer of nargenicin A1. This strain exhibited significant inhibitory activity against\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                        in co-culture assays, and a chemical analysis confirmed the production of nargenicin A1. Genome sequencing of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. tsunamiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                        IFM 10818 allowed for the identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for nargenicin biosynthesis, reinforcing the potential for industrial applications. These findings highlight the promise of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                        species as untapped sources of valuable secondary metabolites and emphasize the importance of strain screening and genomic analyses in the discovery and development of new antibiotics.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01220-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:00:33Z","timestamp":1761566433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative genomics of\n                    <i>Nocardia tsunamiensis<\/i>\n                    IFM 10818, a new source of the antibacterial macrolide nargenicin 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