{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:36:39Z","timestamp":1785436599169,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SBA-22-SBA-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBA-22-SBA-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/07836-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/07836-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CP-CRE) poses a public health issue. Rapid detection of CP-CRE colonization is challenging; existing methods are either expensive or time-consuming. We evaluated an immunochromatographic test (ICT) for detecting carbapenemases directly from broth-enriched rectal swabs. One hundred intensive care patients provided 178 pairs of rectal swabs. One swab was tested using the GeneXpert Carba-R PCR assay; the other was inoculated into brain-heart infusion broth. After 4 and 6 h of incubation at 37\u00b0C, the broth was tested with the RESIST-5 O.K.N.V.I. ICT for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (NDM), oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48), Verona integron-encoded metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (VIM), and imipenemase (IMP) carbapenemases. Broths were subcultured after overnight incubation, and recovered carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were tested using GeneXpert Carba-R PCR. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated in comparison to culture positive for CP-CRE, confirmed by PCR for KPC, NDM, OXA-48, VIM, and IMP. Of the 178 swabs, 60 were culture positive for CP-CRE. After 6 h, the ICT demonstrated a sensitivity of 65%, specificity of 97.5%, and accuracy of 86.8%. Among heavily soiled swabs, sensitivity reached 81.8% for ICT after 6 h, and the specificity was 100%. The mean execution time for carbapenemase detection using ICT was reduced by 60 h compared to culture. The ICT after 6 h incubation offers reduced execution time for detecting CP-CREs. This method may serve as a valuable rapid screening tool, especially in resource-limited settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria requires innovative solutions for early detection and prevention measures. In this study, we present a simple protocol for the direct detection of carbapenemases in rectal swabs using an immunochromatographic assay. By optimizing the assay conditions, we achieved rapid and high-accuracy identification of five clinically important carbapenemases. This method can broaden access to rapid CP-CRE detection of fecal colonization\u2014even in laboratories with limited resources\u2014enabling the implementation of faster and more effective infection control measures, potentially reducing the spread of resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01313-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T13:52:07Z","timestamp":1754661127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rapid screening for carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant\n                    <i>Enterobacterales<\/i>\n                    : clinical implementation of an immunochromatographic test using broth-enriched rectal swabs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1349-2206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Camila Loredana","family":"P. A. M. Bezerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara de Almeida Lessa","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Sara","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03se9eg94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindissy Luara","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Cury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o 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Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bacteriologia (LIM-49), Departamento de Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q9me654","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Grupo Fleury","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Rapid ICT Screening Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maristela Pinheiro","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina, 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