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In this study, we identified 10 bacterial strains from 4 genera, including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Peribacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      , that significantly reduced the severity of AB caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Didymella pinodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      under greenhouse conditions. Most strains inhibited\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. pinodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      in cultures, indicating a production of antimicrobial metabolite(s) by these bacteria. To identify the antimicrobial compounds responsible for inhibition of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. pinodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and investigate the biocontrol mechanisms, we used\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas protegens<\/jats:italic>\n                      Pf-5, which produces eight known antimicrobial compounds, as a model. While wild-type Pf-5 strongly inhibited\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. pinodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      in cultures and controlled AB\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in planta<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a derivative (\u03948-fold mutant) lacking all eight compounds showed significantly compromised biocontrol efficacy. Individual complementation of biosynthetic genes for rhizoxin, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), pyrrolnitrin, or hydrogen cyanide partially restored inhibitory activity, confirming their roles in inhibition of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. pinodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Notably, restoring rhizoxin and DAPG biosynthesis recovered the disease control capability of the \u03948-fold mutant in greenhouse trials. These results demonstrate that rhizoxin and DAPG are key metabolites driving the biocontrol activity of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. protegens<\/jats:italic>\n                      Pf-5 against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. pinodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>\n                        <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        An advanced understanding of how beneficial bacteria control plant diseases can help us better use these microorganisms in agriculture. In this study, beneficial bacteria were identified to mitigate damages of pea Ascochyta blight (AB) caused by the fungal pathogen\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Didymella pinodes<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Most of the identified beneficial bacteria inhibited the fungal pathogen in cultures. Using the soil beneficial bacterium\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas protegens<\/jats:italic>\n                        Pf-5 as a model, we demonstrated that four bacteria-derived antimicrobial compounds, rhizoxin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), pyrrolnitrin, and hydrogen cyanide, play important roles in inhibiting\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. pinodes<\/jats:italic>\n                        growth. This study also showed that rhizoxin and DAPG produced by Pf-5 contribute to the suppression of AB disease development. These findings provided new insights into the molecular basis of beneficial bacteria-mediated disease suppression of pea Ascochyta blight.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01325-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:01:26Z","timestamp":1786453286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rhizoxin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol contribute to biocontrol of\n                    <i>Pseudomonas protegens<\/i>\n                    Pf-5 against pea Ascochyta blight pathogen\n                    <i>Didymella pinodes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2227-5040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jepri 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