{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:29:36Z","timestamp":1777516176991,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004241","name":"China Primary Health Care Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MTP2022B021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MTP2022B021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              can cause invasive diseases, including bloodstream infections. However, existing research primarily focuses on specific populations, and limited studies have been conducted on the prevalence of bloodstream infection caused by\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              across the entire pediatric population. Therefore, clinical data of\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              isolated from blood samples at Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, during the period 2019\u20132023 were collected retrospectively to provide a comprehensive understanding of the clinical characteristics and drug resistance patterns associated with bloodstream infections caused by\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              in pediatric populations. There were 57 (43.5%) instances of contamination across various departments, indicating a relatively dispersed pattern. Bloodstream infections caused by\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              are notably prevalent among pediatric patients with hematological diseases and tumors. The susceptibility rates of the 74\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates to different antibiotics were as follows: penicillin (23%), ceftriaxone (74.3%), levofloxacin (86.5%), chloramphenicol (89.2%), erythromycin (27%), clindamycin (67.6%), linezolid (100%), and vancomycin (100%). Notably, 21.6% of the isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR). The predominant mode of MDR in\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              infections was identified as resistance to \u03b2-lactams, erythromycin, and clindamycin. The observed low susceptibility rate to penicillin, coupled with the emergence of MDR strains, underscores the imperative for continuous monitoring of the evolving antimicrobial resistance in\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Existing research primarily focuses on specific populations, such as those with hematopathy or tumors, who experience\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              bacteremia. Limited studies have been conducted on the prevalence of bloodstream infections caused by\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              across the entire pediatric population. It was found that the contamination rate of\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              isolated from blood cultures was notably high in our study. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical characteristics and drug resistance patterns of bloodstream infections caused by\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              across the entire pediatric populations, explicitly excluding cases of blood culture contamination. The observed low susceptibility rate to penicillin, coupled with the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains, underscores the imperative for continuous monitoring of the evolving antimicrobial resistance in\n              <jats:italic>S. mitis\/oralis<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01350-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T13:00:18Z","timestamp":1728910818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Low penicillin susceptibility in\n            <i>Streptococcus mitis\/oralis<\/i>\n            from bloodstream infections in pediatric populations"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jian-Ming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cai-Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hua","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3903-9303","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7826-3543","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ming-Ming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02297-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2018.074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-022-04533-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2005.130953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlac049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01849-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ram.2022.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.584"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4751-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","volume-title":"performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2024","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2024. performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 33rd ed.","edition":"33"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"843","article-title":"Neonatal meningitis caused by Streptococcus mitis","volume":"133","author":"Ram W","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ram W, Hellwege HH. 1985. 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