{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T07:52:23Z","timestamp":1788335543685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hubei Province Key Re-search and Development Program","award":["2022BCE006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BCE006"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project","award":["2023EGA041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023EGA041"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Normal University Graduate Student Research and Innovation Projects","award":["2025Z018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025Z018"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization","award":["EWPL202607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EWPL202607"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project","award":["2025CSA104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CSA104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the capacity of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic>\n                      CB-a, a novel environmental isolate with unique ecological adaptability, to restore host-microbiome homeostasis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine model of intestinal dysbiosis. Integrated 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted LC-MS\/MS metabolomics revealed that CB-a (1 \u00d7 10\u2078 CFU\/mL, administered orally) fundamentally restructured the colonic microbial architecture. Specifically, it enriched beneficial, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing consortia (e.g.,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Alloprevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) while suppressing opportunistic pathobionts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and mitigating excessive mucin-degrading bacteria (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). This ecological shift was accompanied by a pronounced metabolic reconfiguration, highlighted by the significant restoration of fecal SCFA pools, predominantly butyrate (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Mechanistically, multi-omics correlation potential that the CB-a-driven microbial remodeling alleviates mucosal inflammation through SCFA-linked host-microbe signaling. This pathway explicitly involves the upregulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A), the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC1\/2), and the subsequent reinforcement of epithelial tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin). Furthermore, CB-a significantly attenuated systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine expression while restoring superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant capacity. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how this specific environmental isolate modulates the intestinal microenvironment, offering a robust theoretical basis for deploying\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. butyricum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in functional interventions targeting microbiota-associated inflammatory disruptions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Severe gut inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, is often driven by a breakdown in our natural gut bacteria. Although probiotics are popular treatments, how they actually repair the gut remains largely unknown. Our study highlights the remarkable healing ability of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic>\n                        CB-a, a natural bacterium isolated from the environment. We discovered that this microbe acts as an ecological engineer for the digestive system. It actively rescues the damaged gut by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing harmful ones. This positive shift triggers the release of natural, healing molecules that calm the immune system and rebuild the protective gut lining. By uncovering the exact steps this bacterium takes to restore digestive harmony, our work provides a powerful blueprint for designing highly targeted, natural probiotic therapies to combat severe intestinal diseases.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01351-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:00:17Z","timestamp":1785848417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Probiotic\n                    <i>Clostridium butyricum<\/i>\n                    CB-a alleviates intestinal inflammation through targeted modulation of the microbiome metabolome 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