{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:55:15Z","timestamp":1790690115748,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The global dissemination of the carbapenem resistance gene\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      is partly facilitated by plasmids, yet a comprehensive characterization of these vectors is lacking. This study analyzed the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      -carrying plasmids selected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information RefSeq database to elucidate their general characteristics and genomic diversity. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      -carrying plasmids were predominantly hosted by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (94.06%), and their sizes varied widely, from 8.22 to 336.05 kb. Replicon typing revealed that the majority belonged to the RP Rep family, specifically RP-T1 (62 plasmids) and RP-T2 (23 plasmids) types. A key finding of this analysis was the assignment of these two major plasmid groups to distinct plasmid taxonomic units (PTUs): all RP-T1 plasmids were classified as PTU-Pse5, whereas all RP-T2 plasmids were classified as PTU-Pse1. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      gene of the plasmids was located within four kinds of composite transposons, with Tn\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">2006<\/jats:italic>\n                      (33.67%), Tn\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">2008<\/jats:italic>\n                      (32.67%), and Tn\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      (31.68%) being the predominant genetic contexts. Notably, the 62 plasmids of RP-T1 type (PTU-Pse5) and the 23 plasmids of RP-T2 type (PTU-Pse1), found predominantly in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , carried genes encoding relaxases of the MOB\n                      <jats:sub>F<\/jats:sub>\n                      family, T4CPs of t4cp2, and type F T4SS, suggesting they are putatively conjugative. In addition, the 62 plasmids of RP-T1 type (PTU-Pse5) were identified in multiple countries within the data set, while the 23 plasmids of RP-T2 type (PTU-Pse1) were predominantly found in China. These findings provide a genomic view of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      plasmids, suggest their role in disseminating carbapenem resistance across species and regions, and offer a surveillance framework, highlighting key lineages for clinical intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The horizontal transfer of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and other gram-negative pathogens has conferred high-level carbapenem resistance, posing significant therapeutic challenges in both hospital and community settings. Plasmids carrying conjugative transfer systems serve as key vehicles for the dissemination of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      among clinical isolates. In this study, we identified the plasmid lineages responsible for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      spread and categorized them into a limited number of groups. This finding underscores the considerable risk of horizontal gene transfer in propagating carbapenem resistance and provides a valuable framework for future surveillance efforts to track the transmission of these resistant plasmids. However, this study was based on current knowledge and available data. Given the ever-changing situation of antibiotic resistance, new plasmid variants or transfer mechanisms may emerge, potentially limiting the long\u2011term applicability and accuracy of our findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01374-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:01:06Z","timestamp":1790686866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative genomic analysis of the\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>OXA-23<\/sub>\n                    -carrying plasmids"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Weng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qb7bg95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, 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