{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:43:47Z","timestamp":1785437027678,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023448","name":"Robert Koch Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1369-354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1369-354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023448","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019896","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU2305-00511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU2305-00511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serodiagnosis of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections predominantly relies on immunofluorescence assays (IFA) utilizing antigen preparations derived from bacteria co-cultivated with host cells. We compared the diagnostic performances of whole-cell\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigens generated in liquid culture with those from cell culture. IFA using liquid culture-derived\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigens yielded lower IgG antibody titers, and no consistent correlation in IgG titers was observed for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n                      . We conclude that liquid-cultured\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigens are inferior to those used in commercially available diagnostics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        In this study, we compare the diagnostic performances of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                        and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic>\n                        antigens cultivated in liquid medium with those of antigens derived from cell culture for use in IFA of patient sera. Our results demonstrate that liquid-cultured\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        antigens for IFA are less reliable and may lead to false or missed diagnoses. This highlights the importance of using validated, high-quality antigens to ensure accurate and trustworthy results in clinical practice.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01405-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T13:00:13Z","timestamp":1753448413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Bartonella henselae<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Bartonella quintana<\/i>\n                    antigens grown in liquid medium are inferior to cell culture-grown antigen for immunofluorescence IgG testing of patient sera"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Krist\u00fdna","family":"Dulavov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024d6js02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Prague, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Hammerbauerov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024d6js02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Prague, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate\u0159ina","family":"Kybicov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0024aa414","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Lyme Borreliosis, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health","place":["Prague, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke M.","family":"Besier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006jjmw19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Bartonella Infections","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Hillebrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006jjmw19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Bartonella Infections","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Podlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006jjmw19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Bartonella Infections","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"Steyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006jjmw19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Bartonella Infections","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wibke","family":"Ballhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006jjmw19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Bartonella Infections","place":["Frankfurt am Main, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-7551","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Volkhard A. 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