{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:09:18Z","timestamp":1793822958997,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an important pathogenic zoonotic pathogen that infects birds and can be transmitted to humans and other animals. This research focused on creating an mRNA vaccine targeting\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      and assessing its immunogenic and protective effects in BALB\/c mice. We carried out a trial to prepare and assess an mRNA vaccine targeting\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This study involves an mRNA vaccine encoding the major outer membrane protein (MOMP), produced via an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      transcription system and encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The mRNA vaccine was constructed by synthesizing non-replicating mRNA encoding MOMP. LNPs were produced and characterized for their particle morphology, size, and cytotoxicity. Histopathological analysis and indirect immunofluorescence assay of lung tissue demonstrated that mRNA vaccines effectively reduce chlamydial infection and shedding in BALB\/c mice. The western blot assay confirmed the successful expression of the recombinant MOMP mediated by the target mRNA in HeLa cells. Immunization with the LNP-Opt-mRNA vaccine induced a strong immune response in mice. Mice immunized with the LNP-Opt-mRNA vaccine exhibited lower levels of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      load and decreased concentrations of interferon-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6 in the lungs compared to the PBS group. The study successfully constructed and developed the LNP-mRNA vaccine expressing the MOMP of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The vaccine demonstrated strong immunogenicity, inducing effective humoral and cellular immune responses that significantly decreased pulmonary\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      burden in mice. These findings provide a basis for designing mRNA vaccines against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      and similar respiratory pathogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                        is a significant threat to public health due to its zoonotic nature and capability to spread from birds to humans and other animals. It is necessary to develop an effective preventive measure. This study introduces an innovative strategy against\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                        using an mRNA vaccine that encodes the major outer membrane protein, demonstrating potential in eliciting robust immune responses in mice. The work emphasizes the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in inducing humoral and cellular immune responses, significantly decreasing the lung\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                        burden in mice and underscoring their potential against respiratory pathogens. The study indicates that lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines may be a useful technique for treating and preventing\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                        infections, providing valuable insights for developing vaccines against other\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                        species and respiratory pathogens. Finally, this study provides a theoretical foundation and practical experience for the production of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                        vaccines, paving the way for further exploration of mRNA vaccine platforms and co-delivery strategies to enhance immune responses.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01438-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T14:13:10Z","timestamp":1762351990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Lipid nanoparticle-delivered mRNA vaccine encoding the MOMP of\n                    <i>Chlamydia psittaci<\/i>\n                    elicits protective immune responses in BALB\/c 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