{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:18:55Z","timestamp":1785428335379,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates. The proliferation of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      is mainly limited by the innate immune system, in which phagocytic cells, especially polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), play an important role. Several studies have shown that antihypertensive drugs can cause an increased risk of infection, but whether antihypertensive drugs affect the killing activity of PMNs against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      has not been studied. Here, we demonstrated that nifedipine (NIF) inhibits neutrophil killing of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . NIF reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in PMNs by inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-\u03baB, thereby inhibiting killing of PMNs against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Next, using the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      injection mouse model of fungal sepsis, we observed NIF can exacerbate infection in mice. Finally, our study identified patients with fungal infections from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database, and analysis of the data showed that NIF led to increased length of stay. In summary, we have found that the antihypertensive drug NIF can negatively regulate antifungal immunity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the PMNs transcription factor NF-\u03baB.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        In this study, we demonstrated that NIF inhibited the ability of neutrophils to kill\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                        by suppressing NF-\u03baB phosphorylation, thereby reducing the production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines in neutrophils. Furthermore, analysis of the MIMIC database revealed that NIF prolonged hospitalization duration in patients with fungal infections. Collectively, our findings suggest that antihypertensive drugs may exert adverse effects on the treatment of fungal infections, which could provide new insights for optimizing therapeutic strategies in clinical practice.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01479-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T13:02:16Z","timestamp":1755781336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NIF inhibits the ability of PMNs to produce inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species in response to\n                    <i>C. albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yi-yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017z00e58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chongqing Medical University-University of Leicester Joint Institute","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017z00e58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037ejjy86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Graduate School, Wannan Medical College","place":["Wuhu, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04k21pf91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bjs0p66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037ejjy86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Graduate School, Wannan Medical College","place":["Wuhu, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04k21pf91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6171-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruo-yu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04k21pf91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2133-0514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-long","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04k21pf91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bjs0p66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7615-7775","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shan-quan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017z00e58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6010031"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof3040057"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00721"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408410903241444"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13739"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23834"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-077205"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/12.suppl_d.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108327"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101229"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7518\/hxkq.2016.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.38179"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053318"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05397.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19434"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000179088.57586.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.913028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01524"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126341"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00711-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.79913"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00835-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032380"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00595"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01112-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0347-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00311.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00223489"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01479-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01479-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T13:10:46Z","timestamp":1759842646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.01479-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Day-Yu","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.01479-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01479-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01479-25"}}