{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:34:38Z","timestamp":1792798478804,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014759","name":"Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022KY1158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KY1158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014759","name":"Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024KY1557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY1557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ningbo Natural Science Foundation, China","award":["2023J203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J203"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program of China","award":["2023C03045, 2022C02024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023C03045, 2022C02024"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LZ24C180002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LZ24C180002"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04aqat463","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non-typhoidal\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      (NTS) is a common zoonotic foodborne pathogen, whose rising antimicrobial resistance has been an urgent threat to global public health. Here, we reported two carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CRSE) strains (NBFE-049 and NBFE-164) carrying the\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                      genes, which were recovered from two Chinese children, belonged to\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Typhimurium (\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium) monophasic variant (\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 1,4,[5],12:i:-) ST34 (a sequence type) and\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium ST19, respectively. Genes\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-13<\/jats:sub>\n                      were detected in NBFE-049 and NBFE-164, respectively. The\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub>\n                      in NBFE-049 was located in an IncHI2-type plasmid, named pNBFE-049. In NBFE-164, the\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-13<\/jats:sub>\n                      was located in an IncI1-type plasmid, named pNBFE-164. The plasmid pNBFE-164 successfully transferred its resistance phenotype into the recipient strain\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      J53 with a high efficiency of 1.1 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                      , while no transconjugants were obtained in pNBFE-049 conjugation assays. We further elucidated the genetic relationships of globally occurring New Delhi Metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (NDM)-positive strains and locally distributed clinical strains within the same serovar. The closest relative of NBFE-049 was clinical\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain 1722, which was recovered in 2020 and differed by only three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). No NDM-positive ST19 could be found in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, and NBFE-164 showed a close genetic relationship with the other ST19 in this area. To sum up, we suggested the potential contributions of clonal spread and plasmid-mediated\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                      transfer in CRSE dissemination. This study reported the complete genome of two\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                      -carrying\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium isolates, shedding new insights into the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and dissemination patterns of the emerging CRSE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        NTS is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens that causes foodborne illnesses, while\n                        <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Typhimurium is one of the most common serovars. With the rising prevalence of multi-resistant\n                        <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        worldwide, carbapenems have emerged as the last-line antibiotics for treating severe bacterial infections. In this study, we reported the genomic characteristics of two carbapenem-resistant\n                        <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Typhimurium strains, which were recovered from two pediatric patients, carrying\n                        <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub>\n                        and\n                        <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>NDM-13<\/jats:sub>\n                        , providing new insights into the antimicrobial resistance deteriminants and transmission risk of\n                        <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                        -positive NTS in China. We suggested the potential contributions of clonal spread and plasmid-mediated\n                        <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                        transfer in CRSE dissemination. Future enhanced surveillance policy should mitigate CRSE spreading, and more importantly, clinical antimicrobial therapeutic regimens should be adjusted accordingly.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01485-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T09:03:21Z","timestamp":1729242201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Emerging\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>NDM<\/sub>\n                    -positive\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    in Chinese pediatric infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-4583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yefang","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical 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