{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:04:02Z","timestamp":1785801842374,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023885","name":"All of Us Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R21 AI160098, R21AI178695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI160098, R21AI178695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      bloodstream infection carries high mortality, and antifungal-resistant species, such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      , are increasingly common. Delays in species identification can adversely affect patient outcomes. Conventional workflows by clinical microbiology laboratories require ~24 hours for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      speciation to allow isolate growth on agar plates. We developed CanID-PCR, a simple, inexpensive PCR-based tool for rapid\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      identification directly from positive blood culture bottles. The assay targets the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ACT1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, which contains a variable-length intron enabling discrimination among nine common\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. CanID-PCR was optimized for genomic DNA extracted directly from positive blood culture bottles and tested on 64 patient samples. Overall, species identification matched the clinical microbiology laboratory with 99% of concordance. One limitation was the inability to distinguish\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. metapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which are highly similar members of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex. The unique discrepancy involved a failure to detect\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in a mixed infection with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Among a total of seven samples with two species, one sample had a second species:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. fabianii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cyberlindnera fabianii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), detected only by CanID-PCR, but was missed by the clinical laboratory. These findings demonstrate that CanID-PCR can reveal polymicrobial\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections often overlooked when only a few selected colonies are analyzed. CanID-PCR provides rapid, accurate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      speciation without the need for additional culture, requiring only standard laboratory equipment. This low-cost, straightforward approach is suitable for research laboratories, resource-limited clinical settings, or scenarios where timely species-level identification is critical.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Identifying species in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                        infections is of utmost importance to clinicians and researchers alike. Here, we describe CanID-PCR: a quick and low-cost PCR tool to identify\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                        species on genomic DNA directly extracted from positive blood cultures. This technique uses basic laboratory equipment, and there is no need for high investment in special equipment. The tool allows identification of the nine most prevalent species in candidiasis. The technique is simple and can be used without the need for an additional culture to isolate the cells. It is noteworthy to mention that this tool can detect polymicrobial infections caused by more than one\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                        species.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01545-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T14:00:46Z","timestamp":1763042446000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["CanID-PCR: a quick and low-cost PCR tool to identify\n                    <i>Candida<\/i>\n                    species on gDNA directly extracted from positive blood bottles"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7412-0199","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hassan","family":"Badrane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelius J.","family":"Clancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qm18h86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2065-3239","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. Hong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S459600"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504810"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12123"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13102099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091824"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.030873"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw691"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.10.2.202-205.1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20246.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-7-1507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/134.3.717"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.10.5983-5991.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-5793(02)03749-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"Candida krusei (Castellani) Berkhout--a potential pathogen with growing importance","volume":"47","author":"Otcen\u00e1sek M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Otcen\u00e1sek M, Buchta V. 1998. Candida krusei (Castellani) Berkhout--a potential pathogen with growing importance. 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