{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:47:46Z","timestamp":1791557266124,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019155","name":"Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-LCYJ-MS-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-LCYJ-MS-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZD0522500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD0522500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82570016, 82270019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82570016, 82270019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of interferon (IFN)-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma in non-neutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) patients. A total of 481 patients suspected of IPA were enrolled (169 IPA cases and 312 non-IPA cases) in this study. BALF and plasma samples were collected, and IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In IPA patients, BALF IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3 levels were significantly higher than in non-IPA patients (IFN-\u03bb1: 284.60 [229.12, 357.99] pg\/mL vs. 189.50 [140.00, 233.69] pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001; IFN-\u03bb3: 189.70 [94.94, 271.79] pg\/mL vs. 78.15 [36.54, 149.14] pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). However, no significant differences were observed in plasma IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3 levels between IPA and non-IPA patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). The optimal cutoff values for diagnosing IPA were 238.7 pg\/mL for BALF IFN-\u03bb1 and 133.9 pg\/mL for IFN-\u03bb3, with sensitivities of 73.04% and 62.61%, and specificities of 78.35% and 73.16%, respectively. Additionally, IPA patients admitted to the intensive care unit showed higher BALF IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3 levels than those in general wards. Elevated BALF IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3 levels were associated with adverse 30-day outcomes. BALF IFN-\u03bb1 \u2265 341.6 pg\/ml was an independent risk factor for 30-day poor outcomes in IPA patients. In conclusion, higher BALF IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3 levels in IPA patients suggest their diagnostic potential. These elevated levels link to disease severity and poor outcomes, with high BALF IFN-\u03bb1 levels being an independent predictor of 30-day adverse outcomes in IPA patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>\n                        <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe fungal infection. The present study demonstrates that the levels of IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) hold significant diagnostic and prognostic value for non-neutropenic IPA patients. Our findings indicate that, compared with non-IPA patients, the levels of BALF IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3 are significantly elevated in IPA patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis established optimal diagnostic cutoff values for IPA of 238.7 pg\/mL for BALF IFN-\u03bb1 and 133.9 pg\/mL for BALF IFN-\u03bb3. Furthermore, we observed that IPA patients requiring intensive care unit admission and those with poor 30-day outcomes exhibited higher levels of BALF IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb3. Notably, IFN-\u03bb1 \u2265341.6 pg\/mL was identified as an independent risk factor for poor 30-day prognosis in IPA patients. This finding may enable improved risk stratification and the development of more personalized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01549-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T14:57:11Z","timestamp":1757429831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic and prognostic roles of interferon-\u03bb1 and interferon-\u03bb3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma in non-neutropenic patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3842-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026axqv54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026axqv54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026axqv54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, 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