{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:55:28Z","timestamp":1790690128532,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Carbapenems are a last-resort treatment for severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. Acquired carbapenemases located on plasmids can be harbored by frequent pathogens as well as opportunistic pathogens such as\n Leclercia adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n , which can colonize and cause infections in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we describe a carbapenem-resistant\n L. adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n rectal surveillance isolate La1358 from a hospitalized patient in Maryland in 2025. This isolate was obtained during routine rectal swab surveillance to detect drug-resistant organisms colonizing patients in intensive care units (ICUs). This is the first known description of an\n L. adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n isolate harboring both\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n KPC-4<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-7<\/jats:sub>\n . The\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n KPC-4<\/jats:sub>\n was identified on an IncFIA(HI1)\/repB(R1701) plasmid and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-7<\/jats:sub>\n on an IncX3 plasmid. The\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-7<\/jats:sub>\n -containing IncX3 plasmid was nearly identical to a plasmid from an\n Enterobacter hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n isolate obtained in 2023 from another patient at the same hospital, demonstrating\n L. adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n is contributing to persistence of this plasmid among this patient population. These findings demonstrate that\n L. adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n colonizing patients can provide a reservoir of carbapenemases, including\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-7<\/jats:sub>\n , linking a less common species of Enterobacterales to the increasing prevalence of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-7<\/jats:sub>\n in the United States. Previous\n L. adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n isolates, from outside the United States, have been described harboring\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n ; however, to our knowledge, this is the first description of\n L. adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n in the United States harboring\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-7<\/jats:sub>\n , acquired via a conserved IncX3 plasmid. Also, these findings highlight the importance of genomic surveillance to track plasmid-mediated dissemination of acquired carbapenemases among organisms colonizing hospitalized patients, in addition to isolates from clinical specimens associated with infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n Carbapenem-resistant infections are a serious concern for hospitalized patients and have been increasing in the United States. This has been driven by acquired carbapenemases, in particular\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n KPC<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM<\/jats:sub>\n . A majority of acquired carbapenemases among hospitalized patients are harbored by frequent human pathogens; however, less common Enterobacterales can also acquire and disseminate plasmids harboring\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n KPC<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM<\/jats:sub>\n . This study describes the genome of a\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n KPC<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM<\/jats:sub>\n -containing\n Leclercia adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n isolate, an opportunistic human pathogen, identified colonizing a hospitalized patient. International\n L. adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n isolates have been described harboring\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n ; however, to our knowledge, this represents the first description of\n L. adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n harboring\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-7<\/jats:sub>\n , which is a\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM<\/jats:sub>\n variant becoming more prevalent in the United States. These findings highlight the importance of genomic surveillance of drug-resistant organisms colonizing hospitalized patients to identify and disrupt reservoirs and transmission pathways linked to the spread and persistence of carbapenem resistance in hospitals.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01568-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:01:52Z","timestamp":1790686912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic characterization of a carbapenem-resistant\n Leclercia adecarboxylata<\/i>\n isolate co-harboring\n bla<\/i>\n NDM-7<\/sub>\n and\n bla<\/i>\n KPC-4<\/sub>\n in a hospitalized patient"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9400-9407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tracy H.","family":"Hazen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Advanced Microbiome Research and Innovation, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwen L.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sierra","family":"Spindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Humphrys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8872-2291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. Kristie","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surbhi","family":"Leekha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Leigh","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2024. Antimicrobial resistance threats in the United States 2021-2022. CDC Atlanta GA. Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-25-02404"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy347"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2025.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3110.250830"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab137"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111399"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01568943"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2018.1536830"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2017.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00458"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05923-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00052-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02805"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptiblity testing","author":"CLSI","year":"2023","unstructured":"CLSI. 2023. CLSI supplement M100. In Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptiblity testing, 33rd ed. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).","edition":"33"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1540-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf474"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-01940-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac672"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","unstructured":"Seemann T. 2015. snippy: fast bacterial variant calling from NGS reads. https:\/\/github.com\/tseemann\/snippy."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae268"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91456-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9877-7_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000206"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.092759.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr039"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13258-022-01348-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.130725"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02749-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1086296"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01062-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.979558"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01568-26","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01568-26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:01:54Z","timestamp":1790686914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.01568-26"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Cheryl P.","family":"Andam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.01568-26"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01568-26","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01568-26"}}