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Some individual or a combination of species in the gut may confer colonization resistance against\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              . To gain a better understanding of the colonization resistance against\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n              , we isolated a library of 1,300 bacterial strains from feral chicken gut microbiota which represented a total of 51 species. Using a co-culture assay, we screened the representative species from this library and identified 30 species that inhibited\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n              subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium\n              <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n              . To improve the\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              inhibition capacity, from a pool of fast-growing species, we formulated 66 bacterial blends, each of which composed of 10 species. Bacterial blends were more efficient in inhibiting\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              as compared to individual species. The blend that showed maximum inhibition (Mix10) also inhibited other serotypes of\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              frequently found in poultry. The\n              <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              effect of Mix10 was examined in a gnotobiotic and conventional chicken model. The Mix10 consortium significantly reduced\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              load at day 2 post-infection in gnotobiotic chicken model and decreased intestinal tissue damage and inflammation in both models. Cell-free supernatant of Mix10 did not show\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              inhibition, indicating that Mix10 inhibits\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              through either nutritional competition, competitive exclusion, or through reinforcement of host immunity. Out of 10 species, 3 species in Mix10 did not colonize, while 3 species constituted more than 70% of the community. Two of these species were previously uncultured bacteria. Our approach could be used as a high-throughput screening system to identify additional bacterial sub-communities that confer colonization resistance against enteric pathogens and its effect on the host.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                colonization in chicken and human infections originating from\n                <jats:italic>Salmonella-<\/jats:italic>\n                contaminated poultry is a significant problem. Poultry has been identified as the most common food linked to enteric pathogen outbreaks in the United States. Since multi-drug-resistant\n                <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                often colonize chicken and cause human infections, methods to control\n                <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                colonization in poultry are needed. The method we describe here could form the basis of developing gut microbiota-derived bacterial blends as a microbial ecosystem therapeutic against\n                <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                .\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01621-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T14:00:51Z","timestamp":1707141651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Identification of a microbial sub-community from the feral chicken gut that reduces\n            <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n            colonization and improves gut health in a gnotobiotic chicken model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Supapit","family":"Wongkuna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 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