{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:14:20Z","timestamp":1788225260486,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AuthorWarrantyLicense.v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Texas Veterans Health Care System","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Central Texas Veterans Health Care System","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Central Texas Veterans Health Care System","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Central Texas Veterans Health System","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vaginitis is usually diagnosed empirically, microscopically, via cultures, or by molecular testing for the detection of bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), or\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (TV). The DNA probe\u2013based technique detects BV by identifying\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Gardnerella vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , VVC by identifying\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., while real-time PCR-based detection methods identify BV by algorithmic analysis of the absence or presence of known vaginal flora. We examined 8,878 total orders placed for DNA probe\u2013based identification (ID) and 10,464 total orders placed for molecular panel ID. We found that PCR-based BV test positivity reduced from 30% to 23% compared with the population tested with DNA probe\u2013based testing. We also found that PCR-based testing VVC positivity increased from 6.3% and 11.6% when compared with DNA probe\u2013based testing. Bayesian generalized linear analysis estimated a lower mean proportion of positive tests for BV in PCR-based molecular panels than DNA probe testing suggesting an under-call of BV. The same models estimated a higher mean proportion of positive tests for molecular vaginal panels than DNA probe testing suggesting an increased detection of candidal vaginitis. In addition, the mean (SD) age for patients with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 40.5 (40.0\u201341.1) years. Patients with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (now\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were 5.2\u20138.1 (mean 6.7) years older than patients with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our retrospective data analysis found that BD Max MVP\u2019s ability to discriminate between vaginal candidiasis versus other yeast will help to implement CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)-recommended treatment options. We also believe that providers\u2019 inattention to non-albicans treatment could be an issue nationwide.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using retrospective data from U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved\/cleared molecular vaginal panels, molecular methods were found to have higher detection for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      vaginitis and lower detection for bacterial vaginitis when compared to probe-based methods. In addition, the differentiation of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      and non-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      yeast has not reached the physician community as we observed noncompliance in recommended therapy. Furthermore, the pros and cons of migrating to molecular testing from conventional microscopy for identifying bacterial vaginitis and fungal vaginitis have been examined and reported in this paper. Interestingly, the mean (SD) age for patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 40.5 (40.0\u201341.1) years. Patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      were 5.2\u20138.1 (mean 6.7) years older than patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01628-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T09:00:48Z","timestamp":1692867648000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diagnostic performance of DNA probe-based and PCR-based molecular vaginitis testing"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0070-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhammika H.","family":"Navarathna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System","place":["Temple, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janell","family":"Lukey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System","place":["Temple, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John David","family":"Coppin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System","place":["Temple, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chetan","family":"Jinadatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System","place":["Temple, USA"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Texas A&M University","place":["Bryan, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015","volume":"64","author":"Workowski KA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Workowski KA , Bolan GA , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2015. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep 64:1\u2013137.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60917-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03694-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Vaginal Candidiasis","author":"Jeanmonod R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeanmonod R , Jeanmonod D . 2022. Vaginal Candidiasis. Statpearls, Treasure Island (FL)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000145752.97999.67"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01748-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2011.576332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"CDC . 2021. Sexually transmitted infectious diseses guideline. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/candidiasis.htm#:~:text=A%20diagnosis%20of%20Candida%20vaginitis and%20thick%20curdy%20vaginal%20discharge"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01628-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01628-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:29:53Z","timestamp":1788222593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.01628-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Salika M.","family":"Shakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.01628-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01628-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01628-23"}}