{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:13:40Z","timestamp":1785428020153,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our recent study showed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lat1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which encodes L-type amino acid transporter 1 (Lat1) was centrally positioned in the gene co-expression network of a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) infection model of cell culture and suggested that this gene might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections. In the current work, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans lat1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant strain (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lat1\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), using\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      SC5314 as the wild-type (WT) strain. An\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection model using vaginal epithelial cells and a murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis was used to investigate the role of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lat1<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the pathogenicity of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . It was found that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lat1<\/jats:italic>\n                      played important roles in cell proliferation, morphogenesis, early adherence, and biofilm formation of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . VK2-E6E7 human vaginal epithelial cells infected with the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lat1\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant strain also showed significantly lower activation of Toll-like receptor 2\/4 (TLR2\/4) and the downstream MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, accompanied by an attenuated secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In the murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis, infection caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lat1\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed a lower fungal burden in the vaginal lavage fluid, reduced production of inflammatory cytokines, and diminished recruitment of neutrophils to the vaginal epithelium, relative to that caused by the WT strain. Based on these findings, we conclude that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lat1<\/jats:italic>\n                      plays an important role in the host-pathogen interactions in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections by impacting the virulence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and host inflammatory responses; the latter was possibly via the TLR2\/4-MyD88-NF-\u03baB pathway.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Effective management of vulvovaginal candidiasis requires a comprehensive understanding of virulence genes in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                        and their role in the host-pathogen interactions. Our study identified\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lat1<\/jats:italic>\n                        as an important virulence factor of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                        , impacting fungal adaptations, including morphogenesis and biofilm formation, virulence, and host immune responses, such as the epithelial TLR2\/4-MyD88-NF-\u03baB activation in the murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Lat1-mediated amino acid transport may serve as a key metabolic constraint during early infection. Further research is warranted to validate the clinical importance of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lat1<\/jats:italic>\n                        in vulvovaginal candidiasis and its potential as a therapeutic target.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01669-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:10:34Z","timestamp":1773659434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of L-type amino acid transporter 1 in the pathogenicity of\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yibing","family":"Lan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0232r4451","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Gynecology, Women\u2019s Hospital, 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