{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:01:44Z","timestamp":1791237704952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID), Gobierno de Chile","award":["FONDECYT 11190073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDECYT 11190073"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID), Gobierno de Chile","award":["FONDECYT 1220999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDECYT 1220999"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a dysregulated immune response against the subgingival dysbiotic biofilm. Among the Gram-negative bacteria detected in the infected periodontium,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) are strongly associated with the most destructive forms of periodontitis. Given their phylogenetic divergence and distinct virulence potential, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis in a murine experimental periodontitis model induced by separate direct inoculations of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      . After confirming periodontal destruction, a massive RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted on the palatal mucosa, which lines and forms part of the tissues affected by periodontitis. Our analysis identified 91 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 119 DEGs in response to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with only 22 shared DEGs, 12 of which were associated with the humoral immune response. Comparative analysis revealed eight distinct co-expression modules, each exhibiting differential gene representation and expression patterns. Notably, Module 4, linked to the immune response, displayed a similar expression profile for both bacteria. Additionally, we constructed gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from transcriptomic data and identified a subnetwork comprising 8 clusters, 54 nodes, 17 transcription factors, and 53 regulatory interactions. Finally, the transcription factors\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FOS<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">JUN<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">RELA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">EGR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NF\u03baB1<\/jats:italic>\n                      were identified as master regulators (MR-TFs) of inoculation-induced murine periodontitis and were conserved in human regulatory networks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Periodontitis is the most common osteolytic disease in humans, significantly affecting oral health and worsening various systemic inflammatory conditions. Specific bacteria, such as\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                        and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                        , are frequently found in severe cases. This highlights the need to implement advanced methodologies to understand their underlying pathogenic mechanisms. We used massive RNA-seq to analyze, for the first time, the complete palatal mucosa of animals affected by, or not affected by, experimental periodontitis induced by the most virulent serotypes of both bacterial species. Our findings reveal that these bacteria explore distinct molecular pathways to induce disease. Despite their phylogenetic differences and distinctive virulence factors,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                        and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                        activate common transcriptional regulators that promote periodontitis progression, suggesting conserved molecular mechanisms underlying periodontal destruction. These results provide valuable information for developing therapeutic strategies to modulate these regulatory nodes and improve treatment outcomes in periodontitis and other related inflammatory conditions.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01678-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T14:00:18Z","timestamp":1767880818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transcription-based comparison of\n                    <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/i>\n                    or\n                    <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>\n                    -induced experimental periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Vicencio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02cafbr77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Escuela de Tecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Cortez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02cafbr77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Escuela de Tecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Osuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047gc3g35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Periodontal, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samanta","family":"Melgar-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047gc3g35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Periodontal, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047gc3g35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Periodontal, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Campos-Bijit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047gc3g35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047gc3g35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Unidad de Gen\u00f3mica Avanzada - UGA, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases - ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1343-605X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Pezoa-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04jrwm652","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Laboratorio de Redes Biol\u00f3gicas, Fundaci\u00f3n Ciencia & Vida","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicius","family":"Maracaja-Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047gc3g35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Unidad de Gen\u00f3mica Avanzada - UGA, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases - ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047gc3g35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica de Precis\u00e3o - MESP2, Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz","place":["Salvador, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto J. 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