{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:40:01Z","timestamp":1792676401705,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007182","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101836: SIVAR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101836: SIVAR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Infantis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Infantis) is an increasingly important food-borne pathogen, and detection in broiler flocks via the standardized EN\/ISO 6579-1:2017 is of utmost importance. Phenotypic characteristics, such as the production of hydrogen sulfide (H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      S) and swarming behavior, are essential for detection. However, the occurrence of atypical variants lacking such phenotypic characteristics bears a risk to public health. In this study, we characterized an Austrian human-derived\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Infantis strain showing, in addition to the normal colony phenotype (NCP), also an atypical colony variant (ACV) lacking H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      S production and motility. Both phenotypes proved stability, and no differences were found in cell morphology. In comparison to NCP, ACV demonstrated altered biofilm formation on Congo Red agar, and showed lower streptomycin resistance. The genomic analysis revealed a total of 21 mutations specific to ACV, including a stop-gain mutation in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">barA<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Using gene network analysis, a connection between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">barA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and operons relevant for H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      S production,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ttr<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">phs<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found. As\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">barA<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a well-known regulator with established roles in motility, the observed truncation provides a plausible regulatory basis for the stable H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      S-negative, non-motile phenotype. Furthermore, mutations in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">barA<\/jats:italic>\n                      have been linked to persistent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections in humans, supporting our findings. Importantly, such atypical variants might go undetected in the mandatory control programs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Phenotypic characteristics, such as the production of hydrogen sulfide and motility, are essential for culture-based detection of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        . This study shows that\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        Infantis can lose these key diagnostic features through regulatory mutations, enabling escape from routine surveillance while maintaining infection potential. As the present mutation is known to contribute to bacterial persistence in the host, our findings highlight a dual clinical concern of diagnostic evasion and possible adaptation to host survival. This work demonstrates a critical limitation of phenotype-dependent diagnostics and underscores the need for surveillance strategies that can detect atypical but clinically relevant\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        variants.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01683-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:00:17Z","timestamp":1792674017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A stable atypical H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    S-negative, non-motile\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Infantis variant from a human isolate associated with a\n                    <i>barA<\/i>\n                    stop-gain mutation"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5648-9414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Darya","family":"Fesina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01w6qp003","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Unit for Poultry Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01w6qp003","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Unit for Poultry Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9273-8341","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus","family":"Kranzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01w6qp003","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Unit for Poultry Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8134-4985","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marlene","family":"Brandstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01w64ht88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities GmbH, EM Facility","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kornschober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Salmonella, AGES","place":["Graz, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3296-5117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ivana","family":"Bilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01w6qp003","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Unit for Poultry Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6991-0120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01w6qp003","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical 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