{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:45:10Z","timestamp":1790210710236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n complex (ECC) comprises numerous species that can be difficult to identify. Among these species,\n Enterobacter bugandensis<\/jats:italic>\n is recognized as a threat in neonatal intensive care units due to its involvement in septic shock. A potential virulence factor responsible for its virulence is the modification of the lipid A of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This modification corresponds to a hydroxylation of the myristate component of lipid A. A collection of 168 ECC, including 10\n E. bugandensis<\/jats:italic>\n and one isolate involved in fatal septic shock in the neonatal intensive care unit, were tested for the presence of 2-hydroxymyristate. All isolates were sequenced to determine the genetic diversity of this collection and detect the presence of the\n lpxO<\/jats:italic>\n gene responsible for this hydroxylation. matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis revealed that only a fraction (4\/11) of\n E. bugandensis<\/jats:italic>\n were able to modify their lipid A, which correlates with the presence of the\n lpxO<\/jats:italic>\n gene. Genomic analysis of\n E. bugandensis<\/jats:italic>\n revealed that only half of the genomes carried the\n lpxO<\/jats:italic>\n gene. Lpxo-negative isolates exhibited a deletion of 1,094 bp encompassing the\n lpxO<\/jats:italic>\n gene. Lipid A analysis also revealed that hydroxylation of myristate was not specific to\n E. bugandensis<\/jats:italic>\n since this modification was systematically found in several species including\n Enterobacter chengduensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Enterobacter chuandaensis,<\/jats:italic>\n or\n Enterobacter cloacae subsp cloacae.<\/jats:italic>\n Here, we provide a simple detection test allowing the rapid identification of hydroxymyristate of lipid A involved in the virulence of\n E. bugandensis<\/jats:italic>\n . Rapid identification of lipid A modification might help clinicians to adapt procedures when an\n Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp. is identified in newborns.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n Enterobacter bugandensis<\/jats:italic>\n is now recognized as a potential threat in neonatal wards due to its ability to survive in incubators and its virulence properties. Its increased virulence is linked to the addition of 2-hydroxymyristate on lipid A, resulting from the action of the LpxO enzyme. Here, we proposed a rapid and simple assay to decipher the presence of 2-hydroxymyristate on lipid A directly from the bacterial colony. This assay can be performed easily on MALDI-TOF routine machine using a commercial kit (MBT Lipid Xtract Kit, Bruker Daltonic). This test can accurately detect the 2-hydroxymyristate on lipid A of lpxO-positive ECC isolates, including\n E. bugandensis<\/jats:italic>\n . In neonate wards, newborns are now screened for ECC carriage. Accordingly, the MALDIxin test might help clinicians detect the presence of lpxO-positive\n E. bugandensis,<\/jats:italic>\n which can be considered a risk factor for the newborn, and implement measures to avoid potentially fatal septicemia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01702-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T09:01:41Z","timestamp":1747299701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MALDI-TOF lipidomics rapidly detects modification of 2-hydroxymyristate lipid A, a potential virulence trait in\n Enterobacter bugandensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9my A.","family":"Bonnin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \"RESIST\", Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB\/IDMIT\/UMRS1184)","place":["Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]},{"name":"Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Bic\u00eatre Hospital Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","place":["Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]},{"name":"Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae","place":["Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymeric","family":"Jacquemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \"RESIST\", Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB\/IDMIT\/UMRS1184)","place":["Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Pizzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041kmwe10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Girlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \"RESIST\", Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB\/IDMIT\/UMRS1184)","place":["Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3595-6434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cecile","family":"Emeraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \"RESIST\", Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB\/IDMIT\/UMRS1184)","place":["Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]},{"name":"Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Bic\u00eatre Hospital Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","place":["Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]},{"name":"Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae","place":["Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kostrzewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruker Daltonik GmbH &coKG","place":["Bremen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9937-9572","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thierry","family":"Naas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \"RESIST\", Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB\/IDMIT\/UMRS1184)","place":["Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]},{"name":"Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Bic\u00eatre Hospital Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","place":["Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6614-8698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Larrouy-Maumus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041kmwe10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, 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