{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:36:00Z","timestamp":1788467760028,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Recent studies have indicated that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactococcus petauri<\/jats:italic>\n                      LZys1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. petauri<\/jats:italic>\n                      LZys1), isolated from healthy human feces, exhibits a promising probiotic profile\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . However, its impact on the physiological status of the host\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains uncertain. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of orally administering\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. petauri<\/jats:italic>\n                      LZys1 on gut microbiota and liver function in mice. We administered\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. petauri<\/jats:italic>\n                      LZys1 through daily oral gavage to C57BL\/6 male mice. Subsequently, we analyzed changes in gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA sequencing and quantified alterations in hepatic-intestinal bile acid (BA) profile. Serum biochemical parameters were assessed to evaluate liver function. Our findings revealed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. petauri<\/jats:italic>\n                      LZys1 led to an increase in body weight, liver mass, and serum aminotransferase levels. Oral administration altered the gut microbiota composition, resulting in reduced diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria. Additionally, the profiles of BAs were suppressed across organs, associated with the downregulation of the ileum\u2019s farnesoid X receptor (FXR)\/fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling pathway. The decrease in circulating FGF15 mediated the downregulation of hepatic fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4)\/FXR, disrupting BA metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. Our findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. petauri<\/jats:italic>\n                      LZys1 may impact liver function by influencing the gut microbiota-mediated ileal FXR\u2013FGF15 axis and inhibiting hepatic bile acid metabolism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This work elucidated the impact of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. petauri<\/jats:italic>\n                      LZys1 on host gut microbiota metabolism and hepatic physiological metabolism. We observed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. petauri<\/jats:italic>\n                      LZys1 administration induced liver weight gain and biochemical parameters changes, in addition to a altered gut microbiota and suppressed bile acid (BA) profiles. Furthermore, we propose that changes in liver status are related to the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor\u2013fibroblast growth factor axis, which alters bile acid metabolism and disrupts liver function. The above findings suggest that attention should be paid to the effect of probiotics on liver function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01716-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T09:01:17Z","timestamp":1744880477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Lactococcus petauri<\/i>\n                    LZys1 modulates gut microbiota, diminishes ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling, and regulates hepatic function"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2584-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ouyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012wm7481","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Digestive 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