{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:01:22Z","timestamp":1785416482748,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI091594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI091594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Biofilms hinder wound infection healing, making wound infections a healthcare challenge for which innovative treatments are needed. A 1.77 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      electrochemical bandage (e-bandage), which generates the biocide hypochlorous acid (HOCl), has shown promising anti-biofilm activity\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The e-bandage is a three-electrode system operationalized by a hydrogel. In addition to providing a conductive electrolyte for the electrodes, the hydrogel provides a protective barrier for the wound. How different hydrogels impact e-bandage functionality is not completely defined. Here, the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity of seven clinically available hydrogels (xanthan gum, 3M, Duoderm, Prontosan, Purilon, Skintegrity, and Solosite) was evaluated with 1.77 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      HOCl-generating e-bandages using a potentiostat with a multiplexer in a membrane biofilm model against methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      IDRL-6169 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ATCC-17978. When applied with polarized HOCl-producing e-bandages, all evaluated hydrogels except Solosite yielded \u22655.5 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      CFU\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      reductions in bacterial quantities after 6 h of treatment, with most being below the detection limit at that time point. Prontosan exhibited antibacterial activity independent of e-bandage. Results of this study inform the selection of clinically available hydrogels that may be suitable for use with a 1.77 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      HOCl-producing e-bandage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, it was shown that some clinically available hydrogels, combined with a 1.77 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      HOCl-generating electrochemical bandage, deliver time-dependent antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilms, offering a potential approach to treat wound infections, including those caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01762-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T13:01:26Z","timestamp":1758200486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Activity of HOCl-generating e-bandage with clinically available hydrogels against\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0395-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eda","family":"Dagsuyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, 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