{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:55:40Z","timestamp":1791219340358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In microbiota research, whole stool sampling is the conventional approach but can be problematic or infeasible for certain patients. This study aims to validate the use of rectal swabbing as an alternative method for microbiota analysis and determine optimal storage conditions suitable for various clinical settings, including intensive care units. We evaluated different sampling techniques and storage temperatures. Our findings indicated that rectal swabs yield microbiota diversity comparable to whole stool samples. Notably, storage conditions significantly impacted microbiota profiles, with increased\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus sp<\/jats:italic>\n                      . quantifications observed at room temperature (RT). Consequently, we recommend immediate refrigeration of rectal swabs to reliably assess aerobic and total microbiota, particularly for patients requiring urgent care, such as antibiotic treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a pragmatic approach to study total and aerobic gut microbiota, applicable in numerous clinical units, such as intensive care or emergency units, where whole stool sampling is often impractical. This approach employs ESwab devices, which are already commonly used in hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01823-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T09:21:46Z","timestamp":1739956906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Validation of rectal swabbing for total and aerobic gut microbiota study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7160-9302","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julie","family":"Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, IAME","place":["Bobigny, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Albin","family":"Bertoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, IAME","place":["Bobigny, France"]},{"name":"Service Microbiologie, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Avicenne","place":["Bobigny, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Birgy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, IAME","place":["Bobigny, France"]},{"name":"Service Microbiologie, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Dziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Microbiologie, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Avicenne","place":["Bobigny, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7196-3136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Lescat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, IAME","place":["Bobigny, France"]},{"name":"Service Microbiologie, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Avicenne","place":["Bobigny, France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, Institut Cochin","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005963107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000087107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-012-0105-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11552"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-011-9925-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"323","article-title":"The role of intestinal microbiota and the immune system","volume":"17","author":"Purchiaroni F","year":"2013","unstructured":"Purchiaroni F, Tortora A, Gabrielli M, Bertucci F, Gigante G, Ianiro G, Ojetti V, Scarpellini E, Gasbarrini A. 2013. 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