{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:36:22Z","timestamp":1789050982152,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Salmonellosis and shigellosis remain major global health concerns, with\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Typhimurium and\n Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n classified as high-priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens by the World Health Organization. The development of new antibiotics is slow and challenging, underscoring the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. One promising approach involves leveraging gut microbiota-derived bacteria that confer colonization resistance against enteric pathogens. In this study, we screened a human gut microbiota culture collection and identified\n Bifidobacterium longum<\/jats:italic>\n as the most effective species in inhibiting\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Typhimurium and\n S. flexneri in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n . To evaluate its protective potential\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n , we utilized\n Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n as a model system. Our findings demonstrate that\n B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n significantly reduced pathogen burden and enhanced host survival following infection. Mechanistic analysis revealed that\n B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n inhibits\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Typhimurium primarily through acidification, while\n S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n suppression appears to involve a protein-mediated or heat-stable metabolite-dependent mechanism. Additionally,\n B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n modulated host immune pathways, downregulating genes associated with the p38 MAPK and insulin\/IGF-1 signaling pathways. These results highlight the potential of\n B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n as a non-antibiotic therapeutic for controlling\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n infections. However, further validation in mammalian models is required to assess its clinical relevance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n Gut infections caused by\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n are major global health threats. As an alternative to novel drug discovery, which is time-consuming and faces several challenges, this study explores the potential of gut bacteria to protect against these pathogens. We identified\n Bifidobacterium longum<\/jats:italic>\n , a common gut microbe, which can significantly reduce infection by both\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n in a lab setting and in a simple animal model. The bacterium functions by creating an environment that is hostile to pathogens and by modulating the host\u2019s immune responses. These findings suggest that\n B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n could be developed as a natural, non-antibiotic treatment to control or reduce these enteric pathogen infections. This approach opens the door to using probiotics as effective tools in the global fight against antibiotic resistance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01842-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T11:03:11Z","timestamp":1764932591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gut commensal\n Bifidobacterium longum<\/i>\n confers resistance to\n Salmonella<\/i>\n Typhimurium and\n Shigella flexneri<\/i>\n in a\n Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>\n model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6730-5712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Phurt","family":"Harnvoravongchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znkr924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01g9vbr38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University","place":["Stillwater, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samara Paula","family":"Mattiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/015jmes13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University","place":["Brookings, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/020f3ap87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Mathematics and Sciences, University of Tennessee Southern","place":["Pulaski, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achuthan","family":"Amabat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01g9vbr38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University","place":["Stillwater, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6666-4887","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jusail","family":"C. 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