{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:45:40Z","timestamp":1790095540468,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005851","name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR.SBMU.RIGLD.REC.1399.031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.SBMU.RIGLD.REC.1399.031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the light of severe outbreaks caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms due to contaminated GI endoscopes, understanding to what extent GI endoscopes are inadequately reprocessed is crucial. Several studies assessed contamination of GI endoscopes with various outcomes across the world; however, the prevalence and risk factors of contaminated GI endoscopes and potential subsequent nosocomial spread are still unknown in Iran.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01897-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T14:01:34Z","timestamp":1664460094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["High Prevalence Rate of Microbial Contamination in Patient-Ready Gastrointestinal Endoscopes in Tehran, Iran: an Alarming Sign for the Occurrence of Severe Outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6813-0229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Houri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5589-8856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamid Asadzadeh","family":"Aghdaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Firuzabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Khorsand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Soltanpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maedeh","family":"Rafieepoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Tanhaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazal","family":"Soleymani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Azimirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Ebrahimi Daryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Talaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Yadegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Reza","family":"Mohebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazal","family":"Sherkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Hagh Azalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Malekpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Hemmasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328301396b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"U.S. Senate. 2016. Senate health education labor and pensions committee minority staff report: preventable tragedies: superbugs and how ineffective monitoring of medical device safety fails patients. U.S. Senate Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1467-6294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03671-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2000.106054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Kuhar D Pollock D Yokoe D Howell M Chopra V. 2018. Healthcare infection control practices advisory committee (HICPAC). https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=vxxxFEMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=vxxxFEMAAAAJ:R3hNpaxXUhUC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-995477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5107(01)70086-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1215086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-003-0088-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.03.1183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-945181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315082"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-107591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1264-7173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.03.1480"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90029-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(98)90175-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of water in dental unit reservoirs","volume":"14","author":"Szyma\u0144ska J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Szyma\u0144ska J. 2007. Bacterial contamination of water in dental unit reservoirs. Ann Agric Environ Med 14:137\u2013140.","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.12720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.48.19734-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-015-0049-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v6.i10.457"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.2.171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91048-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","first-page":"340","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection in a hospitalized population in a gastroenterology unit. Role of endoscopic biopsies","volume":"19","author":"Andrieu J","year":"1995","unstructured":"Andrieu J, Barny S, Colardelle P, Maisonneuve P, Giraud V, Robin E, Br\u00e9art G, Coste T. 1995. Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection in a hospitalized population in a gastroenterology unit. Role of endoscopic biopsies. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 19:340\u2013345. In French.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(01)00111-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00085-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","unstructured":"Gastroenterological Society of Australia and Gastroenterological Nurses College of Australia. 2010. Infection control in endoscopy: microbiological testing of gastrointestinal and respiratory endoscopes and automated flexible reprocessors."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","volume-title":"Bailey & Scott\u2019s diagnostic microbiology","author":"Tille P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tille P. 2015. Bailey & Scott\u2019s diagnostic microbiology. Elsevier Health Sciences. New York, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1780949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2020. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 30th informational supplement, M100. CLSI, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06852-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03737.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00130-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-015-0079-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.8.3092-3095.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.3747-3754.2005"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00581-23","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000}}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01897-22","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01897-22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T14:05:42Z","timestamp":1666793142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.01897-22"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rosemary C.","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.01897-22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01897-22","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1128\/spectrum.00581-23","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01897-22"}}