{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T23:04:26Z","timestamp":1791759866659,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major swine pathogen that poses a serious threat to pig health. Resistance to oxidative stress and modulation of host immune responses are both critical for the survival of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      serotype 2 (SS2) strains during infection. In this study, we investigated the role of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene in SS2 survival, neutrophil responses, and mitochondrial function, focusing particularly on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Using a murine peritoneal infection model, we found that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                      deletion significantly reduced neutrophil recruitment.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      assays with primary mouse neutrophils further demonstrated that the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant exhibited reduced intracellular survival and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils. The mutant also triggered more robust NET formation, as indicated by significantly increased levels of cell-free DNA and MPO\u2013DNA complexes. Importantly, the inclusion of a complemented strain confirmed restoration of ROS clearance and normalization of NETs-associated markers, supporting the specificity of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                      -dependent phenotype. Moreover,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency exacerbated SS2-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ROS accumulation in neutrophils. Notably, it also enhanced the expression of cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), which colocalized with mitochondria and likely contributed to mitochondrial damage and NET induction. Collectively, these findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                      facilitates SS2 immune evasion by suppressing host ROS accumulation and GSDMD-N-mediated mitochondrial disruption, thereby limiting NET formation and promoting bacterial survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major swine pathogen with significant economic and zoonotic implications. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are essential for host defense, but their regulation by bacterial factors remains poorly understood. This study identifies the superoxide dismutase gene\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a key factor in immune evasion by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . We demonstrate that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                      deletion enhances reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial damage, and NETs formation in neutrophils, impairing bacterial survival. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      modulates host innate immunity and highlight\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sodA<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a potential target for enhancing host defense against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      serotype 2 infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01901-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T14:00:41Z","timestamp":1764165641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["SodA promotes immune evasion of\n                    <i>Streptococcus suis<\/i>\n                    by suppressing ROS accumulation and GSDMD-mediated mitochondrial disruption in neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honglin","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University","place":["Foshan, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan University","place":["Foshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University","place":["Foshan, 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