{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:51:32Z","timestamp":1785430292008,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI182899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI182899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32OD028239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32OD028239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the genus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , approximately 40 small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) have been identified and validated via northern blot analysis, but the transcription factors controlling sRNA transcript levels are largely unknown. Here, we present a method for more rapidly discovering conditions and transcription factors controlling sRNA levels from transcriptomic data sets. Using this approach, we reanalyzed publicly available RNA-seq data sets and generated a large list of predicted regulatory relationships. Northern blot analyses confirmed several of these predictions, covering a wide range of potential transcription factors. Specific findings include that VjbR, a major quorum-sensing regulator of virulence in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , controls levels of the MavR sRNA, and the alternative sigma factor RpoE1 is absolutely required for the expression of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bsr6<\/jats:italic>\n                      while also contributing to Bsr8 production during oxidative stress. We also found that RNase E is linked to transcript levels of Bsr7, and the transcriptional regulator PhyK modulates the expression of two\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      sRNAs. Overall, the methods described here can be used in future transcriptomic studies to predict and validate transcriptional regulators and conditions that influence sRNA levels in bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Regulatory small RNAs control translation for numerous proteins linked to virulence in pathogenic bacteria, but have proven difficult to fully characterize. We developed a new method to discover transcription factors and conditions controlling small regulatory RNAs (sRNA) expression. This method can be applied to other bacteria and future\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                        transcriptomic studies to aid in understanding pathogenesis and virulence factors mediated by sRNAs.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01909-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T14:00:22Z","timestamp":1763042422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A method for discovery of transcription factors controlling\n                    <i>Brucella<\/i>\n                    sRNAs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mitchell T.","family":"Caudill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010prmy50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for One Health Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian R.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010prmy50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for One Health Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3793-8804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clayton C.","family":"Caswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010prmy50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for One Health Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-072220-033342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-041320-025836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-030117-020335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.719977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky739"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01990-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(03)90049-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.604511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1026220"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00711-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2012.08117.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02387-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","volume-title":"Cell envelope regulatory two-component systems in Brucella ovis","author":"Chen X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen X. 2024. Cell envelope regulatory two-component systems in Brucella ovis. 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