{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:06:16Z","timestamp":1788246376005,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/f","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22K070602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K070602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/f","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP23wm0325058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23wm0325058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"OU | Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University"},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AI014895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI014895"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae,<\/jats:italic>\n              a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium, is the etiological agent of cat-scratch disease and also causes bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised individuals. Although the ability to promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation differs among\n              <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n              species, variations among strains within\n              <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n              remain unclear.\n              <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n              angiogenic factor A (BafA) and\n              <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n              adhesin A (BadA) have been identified as autotransporters of\n              <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n              that are involved in endothelial cell proliferation. Although strain-specific differences in the expression of BadA and the VirB\/D4 type IV secretion system have been reported, BafA expression among\n              <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n              strains has yet to be examined. Therefore, the present study investigated the proliferation-promoting ability of 13\n              <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n              strains from several sources in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We identified BafA variants 1 and 2 based on the deduced amino acid sequences of its passenger domain. The recombinant proteins of both variants exhibited similar proliferation activity against HUVECs. However, BafA variant 2 strains showed cytotoxicity at a high bacterial inoculum in a direct coculture with HUVECs, which was attenuated in an indirect coculture. These strains, in contrast to BafA variant 1 strains, highly expressed BadA and exhibited bacterial aggregation. Based on a core genome SNP analysis of 50\n              <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n              strains, the BafA variant types corresponded to clades 1\u20134. These results indicate that vasoproliferative traits differ among\n              <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n              clades based on the variant types. Therefore, this study provides a new conceptual framework in which the clades of\n              <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n              may predict their pathogenicity in humans.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                species including\n                <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                ,\n                <jats:italic>Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic>\n                , and\n                <jats:italic>Bartonella bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>\n                cause vasoproliferative lesions. Their proliferation-promoting ability in vascular endothelial cells differs among\n                <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                species; however, it is unclear whether these differences exist among\n                <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                strains. We herein showed that\n                <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                strains exhibited variable proliferation-promoting ability and cytotoxicity in vascular endothelial cells, which corresponded to the\n                <jats:italic>bafA<\/jats:italic>\n                gene variants possessed by the strains. The expression levels of\n                <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                angiogenic factor A (BafA) and\n                <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                adhesin A, as well as the degree of proliferation-promoting ability and cytotoxicity in endothelial cells, varied among the strains. A core genome SNP analysis of strains using whole genome sequencing data divided\n                <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                strains into four clades, with each clade corresponding to BafA variants 1\u20134. These results suggest the differential vasoproliferative potency of\n                <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                , with potential implications in clinical management, including risk stratification and predictions of the clinical course.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01925-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T15:47:07Z","timestamp":1732895227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differential vasoproliferative traits of\n            <i>Bartonella henselae<\/i>\n            strains associated with autotransporter BafA variants"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9419-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuka","family":"Kondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of 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