{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T17:15:10Z","timestamp":1768670110612,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Project # 7279\/Sindh\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project # 7279\/Sindh\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n            is a Gram-negative pathogen, accountable for lethal nosocomial infections, owing to high pathogenicity and multi-drug resistance (MDR). Hence, the World Health Organization has prioritized this bacterium against which new pharmacophores are required urgently. Therefore, this study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of lithium complex based on salicylic acid, and 1,10-phenanthroline {[Li(phen)\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            sal]} against MDR\n            <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n            (MDRAB) through growth inhibition, growth curve assay, biofilm inhibition, and eradication alongside microscopy. The mechanism of action was proposed by flow cytometry and proteomic analysis. Moreover,\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            efficacy was assessed using an\n            <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n            -induced pneumonia model in mice. Results showed that lithium complex significantly inhibited the bacterial growth at 16\u201332 \u00b5g\/mL. Growth kinetics revealed that it retarded the bacterial growth after 2\u20133 h of treatment. Lithium complex significantly inhibited and reduced &gt;70% of biofilms at the MIC level which is a key problem of indwelling and prosthetic devices. Light and atomic force microscopy further indicated disarticulated biofilm and ruptured cellular membrane post-lithium complex treatment. Proteomic analysis revealed that the compound exerted oxidative stress on\n            <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n            which may contribute to cell rupturing. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD044293. Flow cytometry confirmed its role in cytoplasmic membrane disintegration. The lithium complex ameliorated the pneumonia symptoms at non-toxic doses of 20 and 40 mg\/kg in the pre-clinical\n            <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n            -induced pneumonia model as evident by the significant reduction in bacterial burden and parenchymal inflammation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the lithium complex can be a potential drug candidate against MDRAB.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Multi-drug resistance (MDR) by virtue of evolving resistance and virulence mechanisms among\n              <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n              is a global concern which is responsible for lethal hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new therapeutics against it. Metal complexes are compact structures with diverse mechanisms that the pathogens cannot evade easily which make them a strong drug candidate. In this study, we assessed the\n              <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              efficacy of lithium complex {[Li(phen)\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              sal]} against biofilm-forming MDR\n              <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n              . The lithium complex displayed strong antimicrobial activity and reduced the pre-formed mature biofilm which is key barrier for antimicrobial action. Moreover, it employs oxidative stress as one of its mode of actions and causes cellular rupturing. Lithium complex was non-toxic and was significantly effective to overcome pneumonia in mice model. These results highlight the untapped potential of metal complexes that can be explored and utilized for combating notorious\n              <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n              infections.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01930-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T13:02:25Z","timestamp":1697806945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>in vivo<\/i>\n            antimicrobial potential of lithium complex against multi-drug resistant\n            <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0935-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moatter","family":"Zehra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yamina","family":"Usmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jazib","family":"Shafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajmal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa , Birkat Almouz, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muneeza","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munazza","family":"Raza Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Raza","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa , Birkat Almouz, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Harrasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa , Birkat Almouz, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Mehmood","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University , Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Farooqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"Translational Medicine Program, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8792-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.707330"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202000779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0590-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S332051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10030373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918427117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4272-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00818.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00181-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.12.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States","author":"CDC A","year":"2019","unstructured":"CDC A . 2019. 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