{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:11:03Z","timestamp":1793121063852,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a rapidly evolving pathogen with a diverse pangenome whose mobilome and resistome remain elusive. Here, we aimed to delineate the pangenome of 198 isolates from Tanzanian regions. Raw Illumina reads retrieved from public repositories were assembled and analyzed using multilocus sequence typing, core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny, and capsular polysaccharide (K-locus) and lipopolysaccharide O-antigen (O-locus) typing. A total of 184 isolates were classified as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while 14 belonged to other species within the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex. We identified 90 sequence types (STs), including global high-risk ST45, ST39, ST336, ST14, ST1552, and ST17. KL24 and KL25 were the most common K-loci, while OL2\u03b1.1 and OL2\u03b1.2 were dominant O-loci. Pangenome analysis revealed 30,992 gene families, distributed as persistent (13.6%), shell (11.2%), and cloud (75.2%) genes, suggesting an open pangenome structure. Core-genome SNP-based phylogeny confirmed clonal expansion and lineage clustering. Virulence profiling showed yersiniabactin in 44% of isolates. Most genomes carried key fimbrial and iron uptake genes. Resistome analysis revealed near-universal presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla_CTX-M-15<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">oqxA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fosA6<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">marA<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Plasmid typing identified IncF-type (76%) and Col-type (54%) plasmids, while over 120 mobile genetic elements were detected, whose frequencies were on a huge spectrum of insertion sequences (e.g., IS5075 and MITE\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ype1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and transposons (e.g., Tn5403 and Tn6082). Conclusively, Tanzanian\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains exhibit extensive genomic plasticity, high-risk lineages, and a versatile mobilome, calling for national genomic surveillance to inform intervention strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                        complex comprises a diverse group of bacterial pathogens adapted to thrive over a wide range of environments. Isolates from clinical and environmental samples are implicated in nosocomial infections and multidrug resistance, with similar genome structures and inherent genes. Our study presents the first pangenome report underlying genomic plasticity of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                        isolates from Tanzanian clinical specimens, demonstrating versatile clones, mobilome, and resistome profiles. Combining these profiles with the versatility of K and O structures, our study emphasizes the need for comprehensive multidisciplinary surveillance studies to optimize therapeutic and vaccine development.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01947-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:00:31Z","timestamp":1760961631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pangenome analysis of Tanzanian clinical\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    reveals pandemic clones with high genome plasticity and versatile mobilome, virulome, and resistome profiles"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2117-9520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samweli Y.","family":"Bahati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04smsfy22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences (SFUCHAS)","place":["Ifakara, Tanzania"]},{"name":"Department of Data Science and Analytics, Kibong\u2019oto Infectious Disease Hospital (KIDH)","place":["Hai, Tanzania"]},{"name":"Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, AfroBiomics Co. Ltd.","place":["Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2453-5993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reuben S.","family":"Maghembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04smsfy22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences (SFUCHAS)","place":["Ifakara, Tanzania"]},{"name":"Department of Data Science and Analytics, Kibong\u2019oto Infectious Disease Hospital (KIDH)","place":["Hai, Tanzania"]},{"name":"Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, AfroBiomics Co. 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