{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:15:58Z","timestamp":1781154958488,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"MOST| Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","award":["YQ2022C042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQ2022C042"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32002315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32172890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for pigs"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen endangering the swine industry worldwide. Our previous study confirmed that the live attenuated vaccine SD-R strain could provide broad cross-protection against homologous and heterologous NADC30-like viruses. However, it is unclear whether SD-R can provide protection for piglets against HP-PRRSV. In the present study, 4-week-old PRRSV-free piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly with 10\n            <jats:sup>6.2<\/jats:sup>\n            TCID\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            of SD-R and then challenged intramuscularly (2 mL) and intranasally (2 mL) with HP-PRRSV HuN4 (1 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>5.0<\/jats:sup>\n            TCID\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            \/mL). The results showed that two of five piglets died in the HuN4 challenge group and five of five immunized piglets survived in the immune challenge group. Five piglets in the HuN4 challenge group had a fever for 6\u201312 days and showed obvious clinical symptoms, but 3 of 5 piglets had a fever for only 1 day at 5 days post inoculation, and only 1 of the 5 piglets in the immune challenge group had a cough. Compared to challenged control piglets, vaccinated piglets had significantly improved daily weight gain and obviously alleviated pathological lesions. Furthermore, piglets immunized with SD-R had reduced thymus atrophy caused by HP-PRRSV HuN4. These results demonstrate that the lineage 1 PRRSV attenuated vaccine SD-R strain provides protection against lethal HP-PRRSV HuN4 challenge. As such, it is a promising vaccine candidate for use against PRRSV infection.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) and NADC30-like PRRSV have caused tremendous economic losses to the Chinese pig industry. In this study, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative HP-PRRSV strain (HuN4). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed obvious clinical symptoms of PRRSV infection, with a mortality rate up to 40%. In contrast, all the piglets in the vaccinated challenged group survived, and only some pigs had transient fever. The daily gain of SD-R immunized group piglets was significantly increased, and the pathological changes were significantly reduced. In addition, the viral replication levels in the serum of the immunized group were significantly lower than those of the challenged control group. The live attenuated vaccine SD-R strain can provide protection against HP-PRRSV challenge, indicating that the SD-R strain is a promising vaccine candidate for use in the swine industry.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01984-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T13:08:23Z","timestamp":1697029703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Protective efficacy of a candidate live attenuated vaccine derived from the SD-R strain of lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus against a lethal challenge with HP-PRRSV HuN4 in piglets"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-6800","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bangjun","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wansheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirun","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinmei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7025-1364","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan-Dong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-4587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tongqing","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Hui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7575-9984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhi-Jun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0146-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81782-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26036-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0910-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"512","article-title":"The changes of mainly endemic PRRSV in China during 2014-2019","volume":"42","author":"Zhang H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang H , Zhang W , Xu H , Song S , Zhao J , Xiang L , Leng C , Li Z , Liu C , Tang Y , Chen J , Peng J , Wang Q , An T , Tong G , Cai X , Tian Z . 2020. The changes of mainly endemic PRRSV in China during 2014-2019. Chin J Prev Vet Med 42:512\u2013516.","journal-title":"Chin J Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01813-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-018-0027-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.791313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47239-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.812040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Isolation and identification of Procine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from aborted fetuses suspected of PRRS","volume":"87","author":"Guo BQ","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guo BQ , Chen ZS , Liu WX , Cui YZ . 1996. Isolation and identification of Procine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from aborted fetuses suspected of PRRS. Chin J Anim Poult Infect Dis 87:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Chin J Anim Poult Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2008.01020.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1709.110411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","article-title":"Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus variants","author":"Feng Y","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feng Y , Zhao T , Nguyen T , Inui K , Ma Y , Nguyen TH , Nguyen VC , Liu D , Bui QA , To LT , Wang C , Tian K , Gao GF. 2008. Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus variants, Vietnam and China","journal-title":"Vietnam and China"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"611","article-title":"Thyroid hormone level change in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16","author":"Jiang Y","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jiang Y , Tian K , Liu W , Fan T , Li F . 2007. Thyroid hormone level change in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 16:611\u2013613.","journal-title":"Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1309.070399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2015.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10050752"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"944","article-title":"Development and application of Taq man-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay for detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"30","author":"Wei T","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wei T , Tian Z , An T , Zhou Y , Xiao Y , Jiang Y , Hao X , Zhang S , Peng J , Qiu H , Tong G . 2008. Development and application of Taq man-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay for detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.Chin J Prev Vet Med 30:944\u2013991.","journal-title":"Chin J Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1504-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806068115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-4080-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9040362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13491"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01446-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12617"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2883-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12852"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10100551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.06.092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2014.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00304-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00189-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.10.009"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01984-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.01984-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T13:31:57Z","timestamp":1702387917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.01984-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Clinton J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.01984-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01984-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01984-23"}}